Architectural design and managerial control: Lefebvre, Latour and the process of enrollment.

Organizational scholarship on architecture often applies Henri Lefebvre's , and framework. Karen Dale and Gibson Burrell, most notably, have illustrated how architectural design exploits each of these, exerting managerial control through processes of , and . Although this "3E framework" has been productively applied to buildings from the modern and postmodern periods, its weaknesses become apparent in the current occupant-centric design period. Drawing on Actor Network Theory's account of , we propose -a 4th "E"-which enables us to better capture the nature of spatial control in the occupant-centric design period. Our recognizes the tensions that Lefebvre originally observed, tensions concealed by Dale and Burrell's otherwise rightly influential work. This expanded framework also augments our understanding of modern and postmodern periods: the dominant Building Movements of the past Century, we claim, have each engaged in a recursive of socio-political ideals.