Muhammad Abdullah Naveed, Neppala Sivaram, Chigurupati Himaja Dutt, Azeem Bazil, Iqbal Rabia, Rehan Muhammad Omer, Hotwani Priya, Ali Ahila, Kapaganti Sowjanya, Ahmed Mushood, Haider Mobeen Zaka, Sattar Yasar, Rana Jamal S, Dani Sourbha
Department of Cardiology, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas.
J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2025 Jun 12;4(7):103711. doi: 10.1016/j.jscai.2025.103711. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Cardiogenic shock (CS) elevates mortality rates among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), yet there are insufficient data on trends in mortality. This study seeks to elucidate demographic patterns and mortality statistics.
We analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (1999-2023) to evaluate mortality related to CS among AMI patients aged 25 years and above. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 patients and average annual percentage changes were calculated using JoinPoint regression analysis to explore mortality trends.
Cardiogenic shock contributed to 187,838 deaths among AMI patients aged 25 years and older. Between 1999 and 2023, the AAMR fell from 5.4 to 3.3 per 100,000, reflecting an average annual percentage change of -2.02. The most significant reduction occurred from 1999 to 2011, followed by a notable increase from 2011 to 2021 (annual percent change, 3.32). Disparities are apparent, as men have higher AAMR than women (4.5 vs 2.5), with Hispanic individuals at the most significant risk (AAMR, 3.5), followed by Whites (AAMR, 3.4). Regionally, West Virginia has the highest AAMR at 5.3, whereas Minnesota has the lowest at 2.3. Additionally, rural areas report higher AAMR than urban ones (4.0 vs 3.2).
The recent increase in mortality rates between 2011 and 2021 due to CS in AMI and disparities among men, Hispanic individuals, and people living in rural areas-calls for urgent attention. By applying focused interventions and improving health care access, we can bridge these gaps and enhance patient outcomes.
心源性休克（CS）会提高急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的死亡率，但关于死亡率趋势的数据不足。本研究旨在阐明人口统计学模式和死亡率统计数据。
我们分析了疾病控制与预防中心的广泛在线流行病学研究数据（1999 - 2023年），以评估25岁及以上AMI患者中与CS相关的死亡率。使用JoinPoint回归分析计算每10万名患者的年龄调整死亡率（AAMR）和平均年度百分比变化，以探索死亡率趋势。
心源性休克导致25岁及以上AMI患者中有187,838人死亡。在1999年至2023年期间，AAMR从每10万分之5.4降至3.3，平均年度百分比变化为 -2.02。最显著的下降发生在1999年至2011年，随后在2011年至2021年有显著上升（年度百分比变化为3.32）。差异明显，男性的AAMR高于女性（4.5对2.5），西班牙裔个体风险最高（AAMR为3.5），其次是白人（AAMR为3.4）。在地区方面，西弗吉尼亚州的AAMR最高，为5.3，而明尼苏达州最低，为2.3。此外，农村地区的AAMR高于城市地区（4.0对3.2）。
2011年至2021年期间，AMI中因CS导致的死亡率近期上升以及男性、西班牙裔个体和农村地区居民之间的差异——需要紧急关注。通过实施有针对性的干预措施和改善医疗保健可及性，我们可以弥合这些差距并改善患者预后。
