Zhou Dengbo, He Xinxin, Chen Yufeng, Li Chunting, Wang Wei, Pan Zhiqiang, Zhao Yankun, Wei Yongzan, Feng Junting, Zhang Miaoyi, Qi Dengfeng, Li Xiaojuan, Li Kai, Jing Tao, Xie Jianghui
National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China.
Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Aug 26;16:1655103. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1655103. eCollection 2025.
Banana wilt, caused by f. sp. , threatens global banana production. Biocontrol using is a promising strategy. Here, we identified D337-11 from disease suppressive banana soils, which exhibited dual functionality in controlling f. sp. tropical race 4 ( TR4), achieving a 65.35% suppression of disease, and promoting plant growth in pot experiments. The extracts from this strain restored the soil microbiota disrupted by TR4, particularly, reviving populations. Using integrated untargeted metabolomics (LC-ESIMS/MS) and genomic analysis, we identified five bioactive metabolites, including naringenin, a flavonoid linked to a 100% homologous biosynthetic gene cluster (Region 52.1). Genome-guided differential metabolomics established the genetic basis for flavonoid production. Mechanistic characterization indicated that naringenin exhibits antifungal activity via dual-target inhibition: molecular docking showed strong binding to the trypsin of TR4 (N1RZA7, -6.6 kcal/mol) and nitroalkane oxidase (N1R9V2, -8.4 kcal/mol), which disrupts cellular integrity as evidenced by ultrastructural anomalies. We provide the first evidence of -derived naringenin as a multi-target antifungal agent. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the application of microbial flavonoids in biological control of fungal diseases.
香蕉枯萎病由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）引起，威胁着全球香蕉生产。利用芽孢杆菌进行生物防治是一种很有前景的策略。在此，我们从具有病害抑制能力的香蕉土壤中鉴定出菌株D337 - 11，该菌株在控制尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型热带4号小种（TR4）方面具有双重功能，在盆栽试验中实现了65.35%的病害抑制率，并促进了植物生长。该菌株的提取物恢复了被TR4破坏的土壤微生物群，特别是使芽孢杆菌种群得以复苏。通过整合非靶向代谢组学（LC - ESIMS/MS）和基因组分析，我们鉴定出了五种生物活性代谢物，包括柚皮素，一种与100%同源生物合成基因簇（区域52.1）相关的黄酮类化合物。基于基因组的差异代谢组学确定了黄酮类化合物产生的遗传基础。机理表征表明，柚皮素通过双靶点抑制表现出抗真菌活性：分子对接显示其与TR4的胰蛋白酶（N1RZA7，-6.6 kcal/mol）和硝基烷氧化酶（N1R9V2，-8.4 kcal/mol）有很强的结合，超微结构异常证明这会破坏细胞完整性。我们提供了首个证据证明芽孢杆菌来源的柚皮素是一种多靶点抗真菌剂。总体而言，本研究为探索微生物黄酮类化合物在真菌病害生物防治中的应用提供了理论依据。
