Avolio Manuela, Reffo Ingrid, Rigo Silvia, Fabro Giovanni Del, Costa Elena Garlatti, Marson Gloria, Grazioli Silvia, Nascimben Fabiana, Arcidiacono Domenico, De Santi Laura, Bianco Luca, Pellis Tommaso, Nadalin Gabriella, Crapis Massimo, Basaglia Giancarlo, Venturini Sergio
Department of Microbiology, ASFO "Santa Maria degli Angeli" Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy.
Department of Anaesthesiology, ASFO Santa Maria dei Battuti Hospital of San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy.
Infez Med. 2025 Sep 1;33(3):311-320. doi: 10.53854/liim-3303-8. eCollection 2025.
The COVID-19 pandemic deeply impacted the epidemiology of respiratory viruses and bacteria, including (MP), , and (BP). We have retrospectively examined the circulation patterns of major non-culturable respiratory pathogens that cause acute respiratory infections (ARIs) over four years (2021-2024), encompassing both the pandemic and post-pandemic phases.
The study was conducted in the five hospitals of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region, in northeastern Italy from January 2021 to December 2024. A total of 11,208 respiratory samples from adult and pediatric patients displaying symptoms of ARIs, but negative for SARS-CoV-2, in accordance with our testing protocols, were tested for the following pathogens: influenza A and B (FLU A-B), adenovirus (ADV), coronaviruses (COV) 229E, NL63, OC43, bocavirus (BOV), enterovirus (EV), metapneumovirus (MPV), rhinovirus (RV), parainfluenza types 1-4 (PIV 1-4), respiratory syncytial virus A and B (RSV A/B), MP, CP, BP, and (BPP).
The number of tests increased from 1,076 in 2021 to 4,377 in 2024. Overall positivity rates rose as follows: 27.4% (295/1,076) in 2021, 33.6% (714/2,125) in 2022, 41.3% (1,500/3,631) in 2023, and 47.2% (2,067/4,377) in 2024. RV, ADV, BOV, COV, PIV 1-4, MPV, and RSV A/B gradually returned to pre-pandemic circulation levels. FLU A-B, not detected in 2021, re-emerged in 2022. MP, BP, and CP, nearly absent in 2021 and 2022, reappeared in 2023.
This retrospective study assessed the circulation of respiratory viruses, MP, CP and BP in our geographical area, observing their gradual and asynchronous re-emergence following the COVID-19 pandemic. Strengthening advanced molecular microbiological diagnostics within clinical and epidemiological settings is crucial for supporting new surveillance models and promoting the judicious use of antibiotics.
2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行对呼吸道病毒和细菌的流行病学产生了深远影响,包括人偏肺病毒(MPV)、冠状病毒(CoV)、人杯状病毒(HuCV)和百日咳博德特氏菌(BP)。我们回顾性研究了四年(2021 - 2024年)间引起急性呼吸道感染(ARI)的主要不可培养呼吸道病原体的流行模式,涵盖大流行和大流行后阶段。
该研究于2021年1月至2024年12月在意大利东北部弗留利 - 威尼斯朱利亚地区的五家医院进行。根据我们的检测方案,对11208份来自有ARI症状但严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)检测呈阴性的成人和儿科患者的呼吸道样本进行了以下病原体检测:甲型和乙型流感病毒(FLU A - B)、腺病毒(ADV)、冠状病毒(COV)229E、NL63、OC43、博卡病毒(BOV)、肠道病毒(EV)、人偏肺病毒(MPV)、鼻病毒(RV)、1 - 4型副流感病毒(PIV 1 - 4)、呼吸道合胞病毒A和B(RSV A/B)、人杯状病毒(HuCV)、人冠状病毒(HCoV)、百日咳博德特氏菌(BP)和百日咳杆菌属(BPP)。
检测数量从2021年的1076次增加到2024年的4377次。总体阳性率上升如下:2021年为27.4%(295/1076),2022年为33.6%(714/2125),2023年为41.3%(1500/3631),2024年为47.2%(2067/4377)。鼻病毒(RV)、腺病毒(ADV)、博卡病毒(BOV)、冠状病毒(COV)、1 - 4型副流感病毒(PIV 1 - 4)、人偏肺病毒(MPV)和呼吸道合胞病毒A和B(RSV A/B)逐渐恢复到大流行前的流行水平。2021年未检测到的甲型和乙型流感病毒(FLU A - B)于2022年再次出现。人杯状病毒(HuCV)、百日咳博德特氏菌(BP)和人冠状病毒(HCoV)在2021年和2022年几乎不存在,于2023年再次出现。
这项回顾性研究评估了我们所在地理区域呼吸道病毒、人杯状病毒(HuCV)、人冠状病毒(HCoV)和百日咳博德特氏菌(BP)的流行情况,观察到它们在2019冠状病毒病大流行后逐渐且不同步地重新出现。在临床和流行病学环境中加强先进的分子微生物诊断对于支持新的监测模型和促进抗生素的合理使用至关重要。