高度近视与非高度近视之间黄斑结构和微血管系统的差异。

Differences in macular structure and microvasculature between high myopia and non-high myopia.

作者信息

Chen Qin, Song Keyao, Cun Qing, Yang Wenyan, Tao Yijin, Zhong Hua, Lv Shitou, Qian Chaoxu

机构信息

Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.

出版信息

Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Aug 26;12:1645015. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1645015. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.3389/fmed.2025.1645015

PMID:40933577

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12417401/

Abstract

PURPOSE

To investigate the retinal and choroidal morphological and microvascular changes in myopic eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

METHODS

In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 142 eyes from 84 myopic patients were categorized into two groups based on spherical equivalent (SE): high myopia (HM; SE ≤ -6.0 D, 72 eyes) and non-high myopia (NHM; -6.0 D < SE ≤ -0.5 D, 70 eyes) groups. OCTA-derived parameters, including foveal retinal thickness (RT), choroidal thickness (CT), superficial retinal vessel density (SRVD) and deep retinal vessel density (DRVD), choriocapillaris density (CCD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimeter, were analyzed.

RESULTS

The mean SE was -10.16 ± 3.55 D in the HM group and -3.86 ± 1.60 D in the NHM group. RT measurements revealed substantial increases in HM eyes, including total foveal (276.4 ± 36.1 μm vs. 250.1 ± 23.3 μm;  < 0.01), parafoveal (348.0 ± 23.0 μm vs. 329.7 ± 20.8 μm;  < 0.01), and perifoveal regions (304.9 ± 25.1 μm vs. 290.6 ± 15.5 μm;  < 0.01). Retinal vascular analysis showed reduced SRVD in the fovea with borderline significance (14.9 ± 7.1% vs. 17.9 ± 7.4%;  = 0.05), while DRVD showed a non-significant reduction (31.4 ± 10.1% vs. 37.8 ± 24.0%;  > 0.05). HM eyes exhibited significant choroidal thinning (169.2 ± 74.0 μm vs. 222.4 ± 70.7 μm;  < 0.01) and decreased CCD (55.7 ± 3.1% vs. 58.0 ± 2.6%;  < 0.01). The FAZ displayed a larger area (0.4 ± 0.4 mm vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mm;  = 0.07) and perimeter (2.5 ± 1.1 mm vs. 2.1 ± 0.4 mm;  < 0.05) in HM subjects.

CONCLUSION

High myopia is associated with distinct retinal and choroidal alterations, including increased RT, reduced CT and CCD, and enlarged FAZ, suggesting progressive microvascular and structural remodeling with myopia severity.

摘要

目的

使用光学相干断层扫描血管造影（OCTA）研究近视眼的视网膜和脉络膜形态及微血管变化。

方法

在这项回顾性横断面研究中，84例近视患者的142只眼睛根据等效球镜度（SE）分为两组：高度近视组（HM；SE≤-6.0D，72只眼）和非高度近视组（NHM；-6.0D＜SE≤-0.5D，70只眼）。分析OCTA得出的参数，包括中央凹视网膜厚度（RT）、脉络膜厚度（CT）、视网膜浅层血管密度（SRVD）和视网膜深层血管密度（DRVD）、脉络膜毛细血管密度（CCD）以及中央凹无血管区（FAZ）面积和周长。

结果

HM组平均SE为-10.16±3.55D，NHM组为-3.86±1.60D。RT测量显示HM组眼睛有显著增加，包括整个中央凹（276.4±36.1μm对250.1±23.3μm；＜0.01）、中央凹旁（348.0±23.0μm对329.7±20.8μm；＜0.01）和中央凹周围区域（304.9±25.1μm对290.6±15.5μm；＜0.01）。视网膜血管分析显示中央凹SRVD降低，具有临界显著性（14.9±7.1%对17.9±7.4%；P=0.05），而DRVD显示无显著降低（31.4±10.1%对37.8±24.0%；P＞0.05）。HM组眼睛表现出显著的脉络膜变薄（169.2±74.0μm对222.4±70.7μm；＜0.01）和CCD降低（55.7±3.1%对58.0±2.6%；＜0.01）。HM组受试者的FAZ显示出更大的面积（0.4±0.4mm对0.3±0.1mm；P=0.07）和周长（2.5±1.1mm对2.1±0.4mm；＜0.05）。