Norasteh Soheila, Liu Hanli, Kota Srinivas, Liu Yu-Lun, Zhang Rong, Chalak Lina F
University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States.
UT Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas, Texas, United States.
Neurophotonics. 2025 Jul;12(3):035011. doi: 10.1117/1.NPh.12.3.035011. Epub 2025 Sep 9.
Real-time monitoring of neurovascular coupling (NVC) is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment strategies in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In our previous studies, the NVC of neonates with HIE was determined using wavelet transform coherence (WTC) between the amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation ( ) using a post-acquisition analysis.
We propose a time-resolved WTC analysis, providing a real-time analysis tool that facilitates immediate and continuous evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics and neuronal activity.
The real-time WTC framework employs a progressive zero-padding strategy with incremental temporal data integration. Initial analysis preserves 4 h of data while zero-padding 16 h to maintain a 20-h window. This enables calculation of time-resolved significant coherence (trSC) at time 2 h (1- to 2-h window) within the 20- to 150-min scale range. The system subsequently advances hourly, preserving an additional hour of acquired data while proportionally reducing zero-padding. This cascading approach continues until full 20-h data preservation, with final trSC calculations targeting time 18 h (17- to 18-h window).
We included 55 neonates with mild to severe HIE, the time-scale maps of which were obtained using both post-acquisition and real-time WTC analysis methods. Accordingly, trSC curves within the 20- to 150-min wavelet scale were statistically compared between the two methods using a linear mixed-effects model. There was no significant difference in trSC results between the two methods ( ). In addition, NVC was significantly lower in the moderate to severe HIE group compared with the mild HIE group at hours 3 and 4 ( ).
We demonstrated the feasibility of real-time dynamic WTC analysis for dynamic NVC in newborns with HIE, providing a potential bedside tool for the early detection of brain abnormalities.
对缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）新生儿进行神经血管耦合（NVC）的实时监测对于早期诊断和制定有效的治疗策略至关重要。在我们之前的研究中，采用采集后分析方法，通过振幅整合脑电图（aEEG）与局部脑氧饱和度（ ）之间的小波变换相干性（WTC）来确定HIE新生儿的NVC。
我们提出一种时间分辨WTC分析方法，提供一种实时分析工具，便于对脑血流动力学和神经元活动进行即时和持续评估。
实时WTC框架采用渐进式零填充策略和增量时间数据整合。初始分析保留4小时的数据，同时对16小时数据进行零填充以维持20小时的窗口。这使得能够在20至150分钟的尺度范围内计算时间2小时（1至2小时窗口）的时间分辨显著相干性（trSC）。系统随后每小时推进一次，保留额外一小时的采集数据，同时按比例减少零填充。这种级联方法持续进行，直到完整保留20小时的数据，最终trSC计算针对时间18小时（17至18小时窗口）。
我们纳入了55例轻度至重度HIE新生儿，使用采集后和实时WTC分析方法获得了他们的时间尺度图。因此，使用线性混合效应模型对两种方法在20至150分钟小波尺度内的trSC曲线进行了统计学比较。两种方法的trSC结果无显著差异（ ）。此外，在3小时和4小时时，中度至重度HIE组的NVC显著低于轻度HIE组（ ）。
我们证明了实时动态WTC分析用于HIE新生儿动态NVC的可行性，为早期检测脑异常提供了一种潜在的床边工具。
