Mathura Evan, Lauderdale Diane S
The College, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Sleep Adv. 2025 Jun 10;6(3):zpaf040. doi: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf040. eCollection 2025.
Diverse studies have reported longer sleep durations and later circadian timing during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period. Little is known about whether effects persisted after 2020. This analysis addresses three questions: (1) How did sleep timing and duration change from 2017 to 2023? (2) Did working from home explain trends? (3) Did effects differ by education, income, or race/ethnicity groups?
The American Time Use Survey is a nationally representative survey conducted by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics that collects 24-hour time diaries. These data are used to identify respondents who worked on the sampled day, their work location (home or not), and three sleep variables: wake-up time, bedtime, and 24-hour sleep total. Ordinary least squares regression is used to answer the study questions, comparing the COVID time period (May 2020 to December 2023) to PRECOVID (January 2017 to March 2020).
Sleep duration was longer in the COVID time period compared to PRECOVID, by 0.23 hours (95% confidence interval = 0.17, 0.29), with earlier average bedtimes and later average waking times. There were no significant secular trends in sleep outcomes within the COVID time period, suggesting that these changes have continued through 2023. Controlling for working from home modestly attenuated, but did not eliminate, the COVID effects. Effects were generally similar across sociodemographic groups.
COVID-related changes in sleep for working adults in the United States, specifically later circadian timing and increased duration, seem to be sustained through 2023.
多项不同研究报告称，在新冠疫情首次封锁期间，人们的睡眠时间更长，昼夜节律时间更晚。对于这些影响在2020年之后是否持续存在，我们知之甚少。本分析解决了三个问题：（1）2017年至2023年期间，睡眠时间和时长如何变化？（2）在家工作能否解释这些趋势？（3）不同教育程度、收入或种族/族裔群体的影响是否存在差异？
美国时间使用调查是美国劳工统计局进行的一项具有全国代表性的调查，该调查收集24小时时间日记。这些数据用于识别在抽样日工作的受访者、他们的工作地点（是否在家）以及三个睡眠变量：起床时间、就寝时间和24小时总睡眠时间。使用普通最小二乘法回归来回答研究问题，将新冠疫情期间（2020年5月至2023年12月）与疫情前（2017年1月至2020年3月）进行比较。
与疫情前相比，新冠疫情期间的睡眠时间更长，增加了0.23小时（95%置信区间=0.17，0.29），平均就寝时间更早，平均起床时间更晚。在新冠疫情期间，睡眠结果没有显著的长期趋势，这表明这些变化一直持续到2023年。控制在家工作因素后，新冠疫情的影响略有减弱，但并未消除。不同社会人口群体的影响总体相似。
美国在职成年人与新冠疫情相关的睡眠变化，特别是昼夜节律时间推迟和睡眠时间增加，似乎一直持续到2023年。
