Serafini Flavio, Araújo Isabele Campos, Minhoto Flavia, Santos Ana Luiza Figueira
Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté, SP, Brazil.
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2025 Sep 10;29(3):1-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0045-1809999. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Epistaxis is a common otorhinolaryngological emergency, usually caused by digital trauma in children, and hypertension in the elderly. General practitioners in emergency rooms assist most of the cases without specific management.
Describe suitable properties for efficient nasal packing in adult epistaxis.
Two cadaver heads, preserved by freezing process, were thawed for this research. When the room temperature was reached, the nasal cavities were evaluated by a nasal endoscope, which showed a length of 4.0 × 11.0 cm for the male and 4.0 × 8.5 cm for the female head. Through an orifice made in the left maxillary bone to access the maxillary sinus, a blue-dyed saline solution was applied using a sphygmomanometer (Premium) to control and mimic blood pressure. The nasal cavity was first packed with two foams with different thicknesses and densities evolved by a condom, then packed by the Merocel packing (Medtronicent Surgical Products Inc.). The pressure was administered and gradually increased until a saline leak was observed in the oropharynx. The best way to insert tampons was also evaluated to avoid extensive trauma.
Despite the difficulty of the application being similar in both nasal packings made with the condom and foam, t33-densityity foam, 2.0 cm thick and 11.0 cm lon resisted to a higher pressure (250mmHg) than the commercial packing Merocel (220mmHg).
The most suitable foam for packaging wrapped with condoms is 2.0 cm thick, as it supported the blood pressure commonly found in epistaxis.
鼻出血是一种常见的耳鼻咽喉科急症，儿童通常由手指外伤引起，老年人则由高血压引起。急诊室的全科医生处理大多数此类病例时无需特殊处理。
描述适合成人鼻出血有效鼻腔填塞的特性。
本研究解冻了两个通过冷冻保存的尸体头部。当达到室温时，用鼻内窥镜评估鼻腔，结果显示男性鼻腔长度为4.0×11.0厘米，女性头部鼻腔长度为4.0×8.5厘米。通过在左上颌骨上制作的孔进入上颌窦，使用血压计（高级款）施加蓝色染色的盐溶液以控制和模拟血压。鼻腔首先用由避孕套制成的两种不同厚度和密度的泡沫进行填塞，然后用美罗赛填塞物（美敦力外科产品公司）进行填塞。施加压力并逐渐增加，直到在口咽中观察到盐水泄漏。还评估了插入棉塞的最佳方法以避免广泛创伤。
尽管用避孕套和泡沫制成的两种鼻腔填塞物的应用难度相似，但厚度为2.0厘米、长度为11.0厘米、密度为t33的泡沫比商业填塞物美罗赛（220mmHg）能承受更高的压力（250mmHg）。
用于避孕套包裹的最适合包装的泡沫厚度为2.0厘米，因为它能承受鼻出血时常见的血压。
