Osei Emmanuel Duah, Afedzi Alfred Elikem Kwami, Amotoe-Bondzie Anthony, Ivanišová Eva, Encina-Zelada Christian R, Czaplicki Sylwester, Čičová Iveta, Jančo Ivona, Gálik Branislav, Afoakwah Newlove Akowuah
School of Food Science and Environmental Health Technological University Dublin Dublin Ireland.
Sustainability and Health Research Hub Technological University Dublin Dublin Ireland.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Sep 10;13(9):e70901. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70901. eCollection 2025 Sep.
sp. represents a promising pseudocereal due to its resilience to adverse environmental conditions and extensive nutritional benefits. This study evaluated amaranth samples from Peru, Slovakia, and Poland to compare their proximate composition, mineral content, amino acid profiles, antioxidant potential, and specific lipid fractions (phytosterols, squalene, and tocopherols). Results revealed significant regional variability: Polish cultivars generally exhibited the highest ( < 0.05) protein and squalene concentrations, while certain Peruvian kiwicha varieties excelled ( < 0.05) in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. Mineral analyses confirmed diverse calcium, magnesium, and iron levels, underscoring environmental and genetic influences. Amino acid profiling highlighted consistently high ( < 0.05) lysine and leucine, particularly in high-protein samples, reinforcing amaranth's potential as a complementary protein source. Lipid analysis revealed substantial ( < 0.05) phytosterols (dominated by -sitosterol) and varying tocopherol isomers, with certain cultivars displaying notably high -tocopherol. Correlation and principal component analyses further demonstrated trait clustering (e.g., protein, squalene, and essential amino acids), suggesting targeted breeding opportunities to optimize nutritional density and bioactive composition. These findings reaffirm amaranth's application in functional food development, particularly in gluten-free applications, and emphasize its role as a strategic crop in addressing nutritional deficiencies and promoting dietary diversity.
由于其对不利环境条件的耐受性和广泛的营养益处，苋属植物是一种很有前景的伪谷物。本研究评估了来自秘鲁、斯洛伐克和波兰的苋菜样本，以比较它们的近似成分、矿物质含量、氨基酸谱、抗氧化潜力和特定脂质组分（植物甾醇、角鲨烯和生育酚）。结果显示出显著的区域差异：波兰品种通常表现出最高（<0.05）的蛋白质和角鲨烯浓度，而某些秘鲁藜麦品种在总酚类化合物和抗氧化能力方面表现出色（<0.05）。矿物质分析证实了钙、镁和铁含量的多样性，强调了环境和遗传的影响。氨基酸谱分析突出显示赖氨酸和亮氨酸含量始终很高（<0.05），特别是在高蛋白样本中，这进一步增强了苋菜作为补充蛋白质来源的潜力。脂质分析显示植物甾醇含量丰富（<0.05）（以β-谷甾醇为主）且生育酚异构体各不相同，某些品种的γ-生育酚含量显著较高。相关性分析和主成分分析进一步证明了性状聚类（例如蛋白质、角鲨烯和必需氨基酸），表明有针对性的育种机会，以优化营养密度和生物活性成分。这些发现再次肯定了苋菜在功能性食品开发中的应用，特别是在无麸质应用方面，并强调了其作为解决营养缺乏和促进饮食多样性的战略作物的作用。
