Li Jinglai, Zhang Yuqi, Cheng Ruifeng, Li Tao
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China.
Plant Environ Interact. 2025 Sep 10;6(5):e70085. doi: 10.1002/pei3.70085. eCollection 2025 Oct.
Wheat ( L.) is the 3rd largest food crop worldwide. Growing wheat in indoor farming is a possible option for increasing future production and to facilitate speed breeding. Light is one of the most important environmental factors, but the light recipe for growing wheat in indoor farming is not well researched. We aimed to investigate the effects of light spectrum (including color temperature), intensity, photoperiod, and pattern on spring wheat growth, flowering time, and yield. Under full-spectrum white LEDs, a color temperature of 3500 K caused anthesis to be 4 days earlier and increased yield by 13% compared with 4500 K at a light intensity of 500 μmol m s. At a light intensity of 700 μmol m s, plants entered anthesis 3-10 days earlier compared to those under 300-500 μmol m s, and achieved the highest yield. Continuous light caused 3-4 days earlier anthesis but caused a 13% yield reduction compared to a photoperiod of 22 h at the same daily light integral (40 mol m day). Under a dynamic light intensity pattern (300 μmol m s from emerging to tillering; ~700 μmol m s from elongation to heading; ~400 μmol m s after flowering), flowering was triggered as early as under constant 700 μmol m s while saving ~30% of light input. We suggest that both a constant and a dynamic lighting recipe can be used to grow spring wheat indoors, potentially leading to more than seven generations per year.
小麦（L.）是全球第三大粮食作物。在室内种植小麦是增加未来产量和促进快速育种的一种可行选择。光照是最重要的环境因素之一，但室内种植小麦的光照配方尚未得到充分研究。我们旨在研究光谱（包括色温）、强度、光周期和模式对春小麦生长、开花时间和产量的影响。在全光谱白色发光二极管下，与光强为500 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹、色温为4500 K相比，色温为3500 K时，花期提前4天，产量提高13%。在光强为700 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹时，与光强为300 - 500 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹的情况相比，植株花期提前3 - 10天，并实现了最高产量。与相同日光照积分（约40 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹）下22小时的光周期相比，连续光照使花期提前3 - 4天，但产量降低了13%。在动态光强模式下（出苗至分蘖期约300 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹；拔节至抽穗期约700 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹；开花后约400 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹），开花时间与恒定700 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹时一样早，同时节省了约30%的光输入。我们建议，恒定和动态光照配方均可用于在室内种植春小麦，这可能使每年繁育超过七代。
