Liu Jianwei, Sun Jingyun, Zhu Lei, Zhang Jiaxin, Yang Xiaomeng, Zhang Yating, Yan Wei
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Resource Regeneration and Recycling, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Sep 8;15(17):1381. doi: 10.3390/nano15171381.
Chemiresistive gas sensors are extensively employed in environmental monitoring, disease diagnostics, and industrial safety due to their high sensitivity, low cost, and miniaturization. However, the high cross-sensitivity and poor selectivity of gas sensors limit their practical applications in complex environmental detection. In particular, the mechanisms underlying the selective response of certain chemiresistive materials to specific gases are not yet fully understood. In this review, we systematically discuss material design strategies and system integration techniques for enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity of gas sensors. The focus of material design primarily on the modification and optimization of advanced functional materials, including semiconductor metal oxides (SMOs), metallic/alloy systems, conjugated polymers (CPs), and two-dimensional nanomaterials. This study offers a comprehensive investigation into the underlying mechanisms for enhancing the gas sensing performance through oxygen vacancy modulation, single-atom catalysis, and heterojunction engineering. Furthermore, we explore the potential of emerging technologies, such as bionics and artificial intelligence, to synergistically integrate with functional sensitive materials, thereby achieving a significant enhancement in the selectivity of gas sensors. This review concludes by offering recommendations aimed at improving the selectivity of gas sensors, along with suggesting potential avenues for future research and development.
由于具有高灵敏度、低成本和小型化的特点，化学电阻式气体传感器在环境监测、疾病诊断和工业安全等领域得到了广泛应用。然而，气体传感器的高交叉敏感性和低选择性限制了它们在复杂环境检测中的实际应用。特别是，某些化学电阻材料对特定气体的选择性响应背后的机制尚未完全理解。在这篇综述中，我们系统地讨论了提高气体传感器选择性和灵敏度的材料设计策略和系统集成技术。材料设计的重点主要是对先进功能材料的改性和优化，包括半导体金属氧化物（SMOs）、金属/合金体系、共轭聚合物（CPs）和二维纳米材料。本研究全面探讨了通过氧空位调制、单原子催化和异质结工程提高气敏性能的潜在机制。此外，我们还探索了仿生学和人工智能等新兴技术与功能敏感材料协同集成的潜力，从而显著提高气体传感器的选择性。这篇综述最后提出了旨在提高气体传感器选择性的建议，并指出了未来研究和开发的潜在途径。
