Assis Luciane Ferreira da Silva, Pereira Luci Cajueiro Carneiro, Silva Brenda Ribeiro Padilha da, Souza Ingrid Niemes de, Villacreses Gina Peña, Luz Jenny Márcia Pereira, Pereira Remo Marinho da Costa, Costa Rauquírio Marinho da
Laboratory of Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography, Institute of Coastal Studies Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro sn, Aldeia, 68600-000 Braganca, Pará, Brazil.
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·Barcelona Tech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2025 Oct;207:115106. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115106. Epub 2025 Sep 11.
The study area is one of the world's largest contiguous mangrove system and is located within a Protected Area that includes key ecosystems such as dunes, mangroves, restinga, and estuaries. This study hypothesizes that allochthonous marine litter found in the region are primarily the result of illegal dumping from ships, and that the presence of older bottles is influenced by coastal dynamics. To test this hypothesis, ten campaigns were made between April 2023 and January 2024, during spring tides over an area of 75,000 m. A total of 712 items were collected, 98 % of which were plastic bottles. Of these, 664 had identifiable brands from 41 countries across Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe. The presence of allochthonous waste is largely linked to illegal ship discharges, as indicated by the age and state of the bottles. Over 63 % of the collected bottles were new (> 2022), with the primary sources being China and Mauritania. Additionally, the absence of animal bite marks and the low occurrence of epibiontic organisms (only 8 %) further support this conclusion. Monthly analyses showed that during strong winds and low rainfall, debris could become buried in sediment in dune and restinga areas. Conversely, during periods of heavy rainfall or high hydrodynamic energy, erosion exposes older debris, explaining the presence of older bottles, though in smaller quantities. The lack of waste management services on Amazonian beaches within protected areas exacerbates debris accumulation, posing significant environmental challenges and negatively impacting the quality of life of traditional communities.
研究区域是世界上最大的连片红树林系统之一，位于一个保护区内，该保护区包括沙丘、红树林、滨海平原和河口等关键生态系统。本研究假设，该地区发现的外来海洋垃圾主要是船只非法倾倒所致，且旧瓶子的存在受海岸动力影响。为验证这一假设，于2023年4月至2024年1月期间在大潮期间对75000平方米的区域进行了十次清理行动。共收集到712件物品，其中98%是塑料瓶。其中，664个有可识别的品牌，来自非洲、美洲、亚洲和欧洲的41个国家。从瓶子的年代和状况来看，外来垃圾的存在很大程度上与非法船舶排放有关。超过63%的收集到的瓶子是新的（>2022年），主要来源是中国和毛里塔尼亚。此外，没有动物咬痕以及附着生物的发生率较低（仅8%）进一步支持了这一结论。月度分析表明，在大风和降雨少的时期，碎片可能会被埋在沙丘和滨海平原地区的沉积物中。相反，在降雨量大或水动力能量高的时期，侵蚀会使较旧的碎片暴露出来，这就解释了旧瓶子的存在，尽管数量较少。保护区内亚马逊海滩缺乏废物管理服务加剧了碎片堆积，带来了重大环境挑战，并对传统社区的生活质量产生负面影响。
