König Laura M, Akad Esra, Gunawan Gabriella, Rocha Gonzalez Diana Victoria, Dorlach Tim
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
Int J Behav Med. 2025 Sep 12. doi: 10.1007/s12529-025-10391-w.
Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling (FOPNL) is a promising public health measure to promote healthier food choices in the population. The present study tested the impact of the Nutri-Score and warning labels on purchasing intentions and product perceptions in Indonesia and Türkiye, where no FOPNL system is currently in place, and Mexico, where warning labels are mandatory since October 2020.
Adult participants (N = 639; n = 212, n = 203, n = 224) were randomly assigned to viewing eight product pairs (chips, instant noodles, meats, condiments, sweet spreads, cookies, yoghurt, fruit drinks) with either no label, a Nutri-Score, or warning labels, and indicated which product (or neither) they would rather buy, and which product was healthier, contained more calories, sugar, saturated fat, and sodium.
Nutri-Score influenced purchasing intentions for four categories; warning labels only for one. Overall, Nutri-Score was somewhat more effective in guiding consumers to identify healthier choices and products higher in nutrients that should be consumed in moderation compared to the warning labels, although effects varied substantially between product categories and nutrients.
Both Nutri-Score and warning labels potentially promote healthier food choices, with Nutri-Score producing somewhat larger and more consistent effects. More research is needed on potential negative consequences of labels and the conditions under which they might appear to maximize public health benefit.
包装正面营养标签（FOPNL）是一项很有前景的公共卫生措施，旨在促进民众选择更健康的食品。本研究测试了营养评分和警示标签对印度尼西亚、土耳其（目前尚未实施FOPNL系统）以及墨西哥（自2020年10月起强制实施警示标签）的购买意愿和产品认知的影响。
成年参与者（N = 639；n = 212、n = 203、n = 224）被随机分配观看八组产品对（薯片、方便面、肉类、调味品、甜酱、饼干、酸奶、果汁饮料），这些产品对分别有无标签、营养评分或警示标签，然后表明他们更愿意购买哪种产品（或两者都不买），以及哪种产品更健康、含有更多热量、糖、饱和脂肪和钠。
营养评分影响了四类产品的购买意愿；警示标签仅影响了一类产品的购买意愿。总体而言，与警示标签相比，营养评分在引导消费者识别更健康的选择以及营养成分较高但应适量食用的产品方面更有效，不过不同产品类别和营养成分之间的效果差异很大。
营养评分和警示标签都有可能促进更健康的食品选择，营养评分产生的效果在规模和一致性上略胜一筹。需要对标签的潜在负面影响以及标签可能出现的条件进行更多研究，以最大限度地提高公共卫生效益。
