Fraschetti Caterina, Filippi Antonello, Iazzetti Antonia, Fabrizi Giancarlo, Cairone Francesco, Cesa Stefania
Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Foods. 2025 Aug 25;14(17):2951. doi: 10.3390/foods14172951.
This study compares the chemical profiles of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) from two cultivars, Granato (G) and Roce (R), extracted by Soxhlet and supercritical CO/isopropanol. GC-MS and NMR analyses confirmed punicic acid as the dominant fatty acid, with α-eleostearic, oleic, and linoleic acids in lower amounts. Supercritical extraction increased yield (about 18%) and selectively raised α-eleostearic and linoleic acids. Volatile organic compound (VOC) profiling by HS-SPME-GC-MS showed higher aldehydes, esters, and terpenes in supercritical extracts, including (E)-cinnamaldehyde (absent in Soxhlet). Soxhlet oils contained more hydrocarbons, suggesting thermal degradation. Overall, supercritical CO/IPA proved more sustainable and selective, preserving nutritional and aromatic quality and supporting PSO's potential in food, nutraceutical, and cosmetic uses.
本研究比较了通过索氏提取法和超临界CO/异丙醇从两个品种（格拉纳托（G）和罗塞（R））的石榴籽油（PSO）中提取的化学特征。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和核磁共振（NMR）分析证实，石榴酸是主要脂肪酸，α-桐酸、油酸和亚油酸含量较低。超临界萃取提高了产量（约18%），并选择性地提高了α-桐酸和亚油酸的含量。通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）对挥发性有机化合物（VOC）进行分析表明，超临界提取物中的醛、酯和萜类物质含量更高，包括（E）-肉桂醛（索氏提取物中不存在）。索氏提取物中的碳氢化合物更多，表明存在热降解。总体而言，超临界CO/异丙醇被证明更具可持续性和选择性，能保留营养和香气品质，并支持石榴籽油在食品、营养保健品和化妆品领域的应用潜力。
