Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 14;14(1):18841. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-68476-7.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a tree of the Punicaceae family that is widespread all over the world and has several types and therapeutic uses. The current study aimed to investigate the phytochemical compounds by GC analysis and carried out physical characterization of the pomegranate seed oil and its self-nanoemulsifying system. Then antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-lipase activities were investigated for both.The pomegranate seed oil was extracted, and its self-nanoemulsifying system was then prepared. Phytochemical compounds were analyzed by GC, and physical characterization was established of the pomegranate seed oil and its self-nanoemulsifying system. Then antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-lipase activities were investigated for both.The GC-MS analysis revealed that punicic acid, β-eleosteric acid, catalpic acid, α-eleosteric acid, and oleic acid were the most predominant compounds in pomegranate seed oil. Other active compounds like linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and α-linolenic acid were detected in trace percentages. The self-nanoemulsifying system was prepared using various concentrations of surfactant (Tween 80), co-surfactant (Span 80), and pomegranate seed oil. The selected formulation had a PDI of 0.229 ± 0.09 and a droplet size of 189.44 ± 2.1 nm. The free radical scavenging activity of pomegranate seed oil, the self-emulsifying system, and Trolox was conducted using DPPH. The oil-self-nanoemulsifying system showed potent antioxidant activity compared to Trolox. Also, pomegranate oil inhibited α-amylase with a weak IC value of 354.81 ± 2.3 µg/ml. The oil self-nanoemulsifying system showed potent activity compared to acarbose and had a weaker IC value (616.59 ± 2.1 µg/ml) and a potent IC value (43.65 ± 1.9 µg/ml) compared to orlistat.Pomegranate seed oil self-nanoemulsifying system could be applied in the future for the preparation of possible oral medications for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress, diabetes, and obesity due to its high activity against free radical, amylase, and lipase enzymes compared to pomegranate seed oil itself and the references used. This study reveals that self-nanoemulsion systems can enhance oil drug formulations by improving pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, acting as drug reservoirs, and facilitating efficient oil release.
石榴（Punica granatum）是桃金娘科的一种树，分布于世界各地，有多种类型和治疗用途。本研究旨在通过 GC 分析研究其植物化学成分，并对石榴籽油及其自微乳系统进行物理特性研究。然后对两者的抗氧化、抗糖尿病和抗脂肪酶活性进行研究。石榴籽油被提取出来，然后制备其自微乳系统。通过 GC 分析对植物化学成分进行分析，并对石榴籽油及其自微乳系统进行物理特性研究。然后对两者的抗氧化、抗糖尿病和抗脂肪酶活性进行研究。GC-MS 分析表明，石榴籽油中最主要的化合物是 punica 酸、β-eleosteric 酸、catalpic 酸、α-eleosteric 酸和油酸。还检测到其他活性化合物，如亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和α-亚麻酸，但其含量较低。自微乳系统是使用不同浓度的表面活性剂（吐温 80）、助表面活性剂（Span 80）和石榴籽油制备的。所选配方的 PDI 为 0.229±0.09，粒径为 189.44±2.1nm。使用 DPPH 对石榴籽油、自乳化系统和 Trolox 的自由基清除活性进行了测试。与 Trolox 相比，油自微乳系统表现出更强的抗氧化活性。此外，石榴籽油对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用较弱，IC 值为 354.81±2.3μg/ml。与阿卡波糖相比，油自微乳系统表现出更强的活性，其 IC 值（616.59±2.1μg/ml）和对脂肪酶的活性（43.65±1.9μg/ml）均弱于奥利司他。石榴籽油自微乳系统由于其对自由基、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的高活性，可能在未来应用于制备预防和治疗氧化应激、糖尿病和肥胖症的口服药物，因为其活性高于石榴籽油本身和所用的参考文献。本研究表明，自微乳系统可以通过改善药代动力学和药效学、充当药物储库和促进油的有效释放来增强油药物制剂。
