Xue Shan, Lin Zhi, Liu Jia
College of Biological Science and Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China.
Zhangzhou Food Science Research Institute, Zhangzhou 363000, China.
Foods. 2025 Aug 28;14(17):3019. doi: 10.3390/foods14173019.
A pH-responsive bilayer film was developed for real-time freshness monitoring and preservation of yellowfin seabream. The emulsified layer contained chitosan (CS) and flaxseed oil (FO), while the indicator layer comprised carrageenan (CAR), gelatin (GEL), grape seed anthocyanins (GSA), and curcumin (CUR). Optimization via response surface methodology determined the ideal formulation: CAR/GEL mass ratio 1.11:1, CS concentration 1.70%, and GSA/CUR dosage 53.99 mg/100 mL. The optimized film demonstrated superior mechanical properties (TS = 12.74 MPa, EAB = 68.24%), enhanced hydrophobicity (WVP = 1.21 × 10 g·m·s·Pa), and potent antioxidant activity (HRC = 92.35%). FTIR and SEM confirmed stable cross-linking and bilayer compatibility. Distinct color transitions (yellow → reddish-brown) occurred at different pH levels, correlating with fish spoilage indicators. During 25°C storage, the film effectively inhibited quality deterioration (TVB-N, TBARS, moisture loss, lipid oxidation) while extending shelf-life. Strong correlations were observed among TVB-N, TBARS, moisture (|r| > 0.97), and PUFAs' spoilage contribution (r ≈ -0.99). This intelligent film enables dual-functionality: active preservation and visual freshness monitoring.
开发了一种用于实时监测黄鳍鲷新鲜度和保鲜的pH响应性双层膜。乳化层包含壳聚糖（CS）和亚麻籽油（FO），而指示剂层由卡拉胶（CAR）、明胶（GEL）、葡萄籽花青素（GSA）和姜黄素（CUR）组成。通过响应面法进行优化确定了理想配方：CAR/GEL质量比为1.11:1，CS浓度为1.70%，GSA/CUR用量为53.99 mg/100 mL。优化后的膜表现出优异的机械性能（拉伸强度 = 12.74 MPa，断裂伸长率 = 68.24%）、增强的疏水性（水蒸气透过率 = 1.21×10 g·m·s·Pa）和强大的抗氧化活性（羟自由基清除率 = 92.35%）。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）证实了稳定的交联和双层兼容性。在不同pH水平下发生了明显的颜色转变（黄色→红棕色），这与鱼类腐败指标相关。在25°C储存期间，该膜有效抑制了品质劣化（挥发性盐基氮、硫代巴比妥酸反应物、水分损失、脂质氧化），同时延长了货架期。在挥发性盐基氮、硫代巴比妥酸反应物、水分（|r|>0.97）和多不饱和脂肪酸的腐败贡献（r≈ -0.99）之间观察到强相关性。这种智能膜具有双重功能：主动保鲜和视觉新鲜度监测。
