Chadia Konstantina, Archontogeorgis Kostas, Drakopanagiotakis Fotios, Bonelis Konstantinos, Anevlavis Stavros, Steiropoulos Paschalis
MSc Program in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Sep 8;13(17):2240. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13172240.
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and asthma share common symptoms and risk factors.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with OSA and asthma and assess the impact of CPAP treatment on asthma control and exacerbations.
Consecutive patients diagnosed with concomitant OSA and asthma were enrolled in the study. Data on patients' characteristics, respiratory function during wakefulness, and polysomnography were recorded. Additionally, asthma control and exacerbation history were assessed the year before and after initiation of CPAP therapy.
The cohort included 102 patients (53 men and 49 women; mean age 56.5 ± 12.8 years). The severity of OSA was classified as severe in 49%, moderate in 27.5%, and mild in 23.5% of patients. The most common comorbidities were arterial hypertension (66.7%) and dyslipidemia (52%). Before CPAP initiation, most patients (55.9%) had moderate asthma control (ACT score 17.4 ± 0.9). Following CPAP treatment, the ACT score was improved ( < 0.001) and asthma exacerbations were significantly reduced ( = 0.002). Moreover, the Asthma Control Test (ACT) score was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.209, = 0.035), AHI (r = -0.426, < 0.001), oxygen desaturation index (r = -0.466, < 0.001), and percentage of sleep time with oxygen saturation <90% (T < 90%) (r = -0.228, = 0.021). Also, patients who experienced exacerbations (44/102) had higher AHI ( = 0.022) and more severe nocturnal hypoxia (T < 90%, = 0.016).
Asthma control is associated with OSA severity and BMI, while CPAP therapy seems to improve asthma control and reduces exacerbations in patients with concomitant OSA and asthma.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）患者和哮喘患者有共同的症状和风险因素。
本研究的目的是评估OSA合并哮喘患者的临床特征，并评估持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗对哮喘控制和急性加重的影响。
连续纳入诊断为OSA合并哮喘的患者进行研究。记录患者的特征、清醒时的呼吸功能和多导睡眠图数据。此外，评估CPAP治疗开始前一年和开始后一年的哮喘控制情况和急性加重史。
该队列包括102例患者（53例男性和49例女性；平均年龄56.5±12.8岁）。49%的患者OSA严重程度为重度，27.5%为中度，23.5%为轻度。最常见的合并症是动脉高血压（66.7%）和血脂异常（52%）。在开始CPAP治疗前，大多数患者（55.9%）的哮喘控制为中度（哮喘控制测试[ACT]评分为17.4±0.9）。CPAP治疗后，ACT评分有所改善（<0.001），哮喘急性加重明显减少（=0.002）。此外，ACT评分与体重指数（BMI）呈负相关（r=-0.209，=0.035）、与呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）呈负相关（r=-0.426，<0.001）、与氧饱和度下降指数呈负相关（r=-0.466，<0.001），以及与氧饱和度<90%的睡眠时间百分比（T<90%）呈负相关（r=-0.228，=0.021）。此外，经历急性加重的患者（44/102）的AHI更高（=0.022），夜间低氧血症更严重（T<90%，=0.016）。
哮喘控制与OSA严重程度和BMI相关，而CPAP治疗似乎可改善OSA合并哮喘患者的哮喘控制并减少急性加重。
