Fooladi Shahnaz, Hasoon Jamal, Kaye Alan D, Abd-Elsayed Alaa
Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 85991-56189, Iran.
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Sep 8;15(17):2281. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15172281.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain disorder with several sensory, autonomic, motor, and trophic symptoms. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria like the Budapest Criteria, but there are limitations to those criteria, especially for pediatric cases and different clinical presentations. Technical testing-including laboratory tests, electrophysiological studies, sensory and autonomic function tests, and more advanced imaging-provides supportive, but not definitive, evidence. Biomarkers such as certain microRNAs, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies may offer the potential for improved diagnostic accuracy, although they have not yet been adequately validated. New imaging techniques, including ultrasound elastography and neuroimaging, have identified both peripheral and central pathophysiological changes in CRPS. We can improve our diagnosis of CRPS by integrating standardized clinical criteria with technical evaluations and biomarker improvements; this should serve to make diagnosis earlier, reduce diagnostic delay, and promote individualized treatment.
复杂性区域疼痛综合征（CRPS）是一种慢性疼痛疾病，伴有多种感觉、自主神经、运动和营养症状。诊断基于诸如布达佩斯标准等临床标准，但这些标准存在局限性，尤其是在儿科病例和不同临床表现方面。技术检测——包括实验室检查、电生理研究、感觉和自主神经功能测试以及更先进的影像学检查——提供了支持性但非决定性的证据。某些微小RNA、炎症介质和自身抗体等生物标志物可能具有提高诊断准确性的潜力，尽管它们尚未得到充分验证。新的成像技术，包括超声弹性成像和神经成像，已经确定了CRPS在外周和中枢的病理生理变化。通过将标准化临床标准与技术评估和生物标志物改进相结合，我们可以改善对CRPS的诊断；这有助于更早地进行诊断，减少诊断延迟，并促进个体化治疗。
