Nistor Eleonora, Dobrei Alin, Dragoescu-Petrica Andreea, Cataldo Eleonora, Sala Florin, Ciorica Gabriel, Dobrei Alina Georgeta
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
Department of Agricultural Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Sep 8;14(17):2807. doi: 10.3390/plants14172807.
The aim of the research was to investigate several xylem sap parameters (onset, sap bleeding duration and intensity, and main chemical components) in four cultivars ('Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Merlot', 'Muscat Ottonel', and 'Pinot Noir') grown in the climate of western Romania over three consecutive growing seasons (2022-2024). Understanding early-season sap characteristics is relevant for optimizing vineyard management and improving grape output in fluctuating environmental conditions. Sap onset and duration differed significantly among cultivars and years ( < 0.05), with warmer springs resulting in earlier and longer sap bleeding. 'Pinot Noir' consistently exhibited the highest and earliest xylem sap flow (8.2-10.8 mL/vine/day). Chemical profiling revealed cultivar- and year-dependent variation in soluble solids, macro- and micronutrients, proteins, organic acids, and phenolic compounds. 'Muscat Ottonel' and 'Pinot Noir' had higher phenolic contents, while 'Merlot' displayed lower metabolic activity inferred from sap composition. Years with higher precipitation showed reduced phenolic acid and resveratrol concentrations. Principal component analysis highlighted strong effects of both cultivar and season on sap chemistry, with warmer years favoring nutrient- and metabolite-rich profiles, particularly in 'Pinot Noir' and 'Muscat Ottonel'. These findings confirm that xylem sap bleeding is a sensitive indicator of grapevine reactivation, shaped by genotype and climate. Monitoring sap traits at dormancy release can serve as an early diagnostic tool to guide pruning, irrigation, and fertilization and supports the selection of climate-resilient cultivars and rootstock-scion combinations.
该研究的目的是调查罗马尼亚西部气候条件下连续三个生长季节（2022 - 2024年）种植的四个品种（‘赤霞珠’、‘梅洛’、‘奥托奈麝香葡萄’和‘黑皮诺’）的几种木质部汁液参数（开始时间、汁液渗出持续时间和强度以及主要化学成分）。了解生长季早期的汁液特征对于在波动的环境条件下优化葡萄园管理和提高葡萄产量具有重要意义。品种和年份之间的汁液开始时间和持续时间存在显著差异（<0.05），春季气温较高会导致汁液渗出更早且持续时间更长。‘黑皮诺’始终表现出最高且最早的木质部汁液流量（8.2 - 10.8毫升/株/天）。化学分析揭示了可溶性固体、大量和微量营养素、蛋白质、有机酸和酚类化合物在品种和年份上的差异。‘奥托奈麝香葡萄’和‘黑皮诺’的酚类含量较高，而从汁液成分推断，‘梅洛’的代谢活性较低。降水量较高的年份，酚酸和白藜芦醇浓度降低。主成分分析突出了品种和季节对汁液化学成分的强烈影响，温暖年份有利于富含营养和代谢物的特征，特别是在‘黑皮诺’和‘奥托奈麝香葡萄’中。这些发现证实，木质部汁液渗出是葡萄树重新激活的敏感指标，受基因型和气候影响。在休眠解除时监测汁液特征可作为一种早期诊断工具，用于指导修剪、灌溉和施肥，并支持选择适应气候的品种以及砧木 - 接穗组合。
