Wesołowska Maria, Liczkowski Daniel
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Architecture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Aug 25;18(17):3967. doi: 10.3390/ma18173967.
The use of single-layer aerated concrete walls in residential construction has a tradition of over 60 years. Its main advantage is thermal insulation. It is the most advantageous among construction materials used for the construction of external walls. The possibility of modifying the dimensions of the blocks leads to meeting subsequent restrictive values of the heat transfer coefficient U. The high dimensional accuracy of the blocks allows the use of dry vertical joints and thin joints with a thickness of 1-3 mm, the thermal influence of which is omitted. However, the thermal uniformity of such a wall is strictly dependent on the quality of workmanship. The main objective of the analysis is to assess the impact of moisture on the of walls as a function of vertical joint spacing and horizontal joint thickness. It should be said that the effect of humidity and manufacturing accuracy on the thermal properties of aerated concrete walls has not been sufficiently studied. Further study of these patterns is necessary. Particular attention should be paid to the thin-bed mortar, which depends on the manufacturing accuracy. The separation of AAC masonry elements that occurs during bricklaying significantly affects the thermal insulation of walls. This issue has not yet been analysed. The scientific objective of this article is to develop a procedure for determining the thermal properties of a small, irregular air space created as a result of the separation of masonry elements and the impact of this separation on the thermal insulation of the wall. Based on the analysis of the thermal conductivity of voids and masonry elements, it was determined that this impact is visible at low AAC densities. A detailed analysis taking into account both these joints and horizontal joints, as well as different moisture levels, made it possible to determine the permissible separation of AAC blocks, at which the high thermal insulation requirements applicable in most European countries are met. The analysis showed that it is possible to meet the thermal protection requirements for 42 cm wide blocks intended for single-layer walls with a maximum vertical contact width of 3 mm and a joint thickness of up to 2 mm. AAC moisture content plays a major role in thermal insulation. Insulation requirements can be met for AAC in an air-dry state, as specified by ISO 10456.
在住宅建筑中使用单层加气混凝土墙已有60多年的传统。其主要优点是保温隔热。它是用于建造外墙的建筑材料中最具优势的。砌块尺寸可修改，这使得能够满足后续传热系数U的限制值。砌块的高尺寸精度允许使用干式垂直接缝和厚度为1 - 3毫米的薄接缝，其热影响可忽略不计。然而，这种墙体的热均匀性严格取决于施工工艺质量。分析的主要目的是评估水分对墙体热性能的影响，该影响是垂直接缝间距和水平接缝厚度的函数。应该指出的是，湿度和制造精度对加气混凝土墙体热性能的影响尚未得到充分研究。有必要进一步研究这些规律。应特别关注取决于制造精度的薄灰浆。砌砖过程中加气混凝土砌体单元的分离对墙体的保温隔热有显著影响。这个问题尚未得到分析。本文的科学目标是制定一种程序，用于确定由于砌体单元分离而产生的小的不规则空气间隙的热性能，以及这种分离对墙体保温隔热的影响。基于对空隙和砌体单元热导率的分析，确定这种影响在低加气混凝土密度下是明显的。考虑到这些垂直接缝和水平接缝以及不同湿度水平的详细分析，使得能够确定加气混凝土砌块的允许分离距离，在该距离下可满足大多数欧洲国家适用的高保温隔热要求。分析表明，对于单层墙体宽度为42厘米的砌块，最大垂直接触宽度为3毫米且接缝厚度最大为2毫米时，能够满足热防护要求。加气混凝土的含水量在保温隔热中起主要作用。按照ISO 10456的规定，处于气干状态的加气混凝土可满足保温隔热要求。
