Salur Emin, Okcu Nursena, Korkmaz Mehmet Erdi, Kaya Kübra, Binali Rüstem, Çetinkal Salih Bilal
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Technology Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Türkiye.
Mechanical Engineering Department, Technology Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Türkiye.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Aug 29;18(17):4063. doi: 10.3390/ma18174063.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of various lubrication systems (dry cutting, MQL, and nano-MQL) on the machinability of AISI 1040 medium-carbon steel. By dispersing titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles into environmentally friendly sunflower oil, a new type of nano-MQL fluid was developed. Machinability parameters such as surface finish, cutting force, energy consumption, chip structure, and tool degradation were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on experimental observations, the use of the nano-MQL technique led to a notable enhancement in machining performance when compared to both dry and traditional MQL machining. In addition, surface roughness was substantially reduced with the nano-MQL, suggesting more effective lubrication and cooling. Reductions in cutting forces and energy consumption were also observed, indicating more efficient material removal and lower mechanical resistance. The SEM examination of the cutting tools proved the low wear rate of the nano-MQL, which exhibited less adhesion and more abrasion wear, and of dry cutting, which showed the most serious wear. Furthermore, chip morphology illustrations indicated that the chips of nano-MQL were relatively uniform and segmented, indicating superior chip breaking quality and cutting stability. The results suggest that employing TiC nanoparticles in MQL offers a clear enhancement of cutting performance in terms of process efficiency, surface quality, and tool wear. These results validate the capability of nano-MQL as an environmentally friendly and high-performance lubrication method for turning medium-carbon steels, supporting more sustainable and efficient manufacturing operations.
本研究的目的是评估各种润滑系统（干式切削、微量润滑（MQL）和纳米微量润滑（nano - MQL））对AISI 1040中碳钢切削性能的影响。通过将碳化钛（TiC）纳米颗粒分散到环保型葵花籽油中，开发出一种新型的纳米微量润滑液。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查了诸如表面光洁度、切削力、能耗、切屑结构和刀具磨损等切削性能参数。基于实验观察，与干式切削和传统微量润滑加工相比，纳米微量润滑技术的使用显著提高了加工性能。此外，纳米微量润滑显著降低了表面粗糙度，表明润滑和冷却效果更佳。还观察到切削力和能耗降低，这表明材料去除更高效且机械阻力更低。对切削刀具的SEM检查证明了纳米微量润滑的低磨损率，其表现出较少的粘附和较多的磨粒磨损，而干式切削的磨损最为严重。此外，切屑形态图表明纳米微量润滑的切屑相对均匀且呈分段状，表明切屑折断质量和切削稳定性更佳。结果表明，在微量润滑中使用TiC纳米颗粒在加工效率、表面质量和刀具磨损方面显著提高了切削性能。这些结果验证了纳米微量润滑作为一种用于车削中碳钢的环保且高性能润滑方法的能力，支持了更可持续和高效的制造操作。
