Jonak Józef, Karpiński Robert, Wójcik Andrzej
Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Sep 3;18(17):4136. doi: 10.3390/ma18174136.
This paper presents an analysis of the influence of the termination geometry of an undercutting anchor drive bolt and the shape of the bottom of the anchor hole on the initiation and progression of failure processes in a rock medium. The study employed the finite element method (FEM) to model various bolt termination configurations, including cylindrical terminations with a 2 × 2 mm chamfer, a rounded termination with radius , and a conical termination. The interaction of these bolt geometries with both cylindrical and conical hole bottoms was analyzed. The numerical simulations enabled the identification of stress concentration zones and crack propagation paths, which are critical to understanding the efficiency and mechanism of rock failure. The results indicate that the geometry of the bolt termination significantly influences stress distribution within the contact zone, as well as the extent and morphology of the resulting failure zone. Specifically, employing a cylindrical termination with a 2 × 2 mm chamfer in combination with a conical hole bottom promotes the development of deep fractures, which may lead to the detachment of larger rock fragments. This mechanism may be useful in the development of non-explosive rock fragmentation technologies. The findings provide a foundation for further optimization of anchor designs and the development of targeted excavation methods in mining and geotechnical engineering.
本文分析了下切式锚杆驱动螺栓的端部几何形状以及锚杆孔底部形状对岩石介质中破坏过程的起始和发展的影响。该研究采用有限元方法（FEM）对各种螺栓端部构型进行建模，包括带有2×2毫米倒角的圆柱形端部、半径为 的圆形端部以及圆锥形端部。分析了这些螺栓几何形状与圆柱形和圆锥形孔底部的相互作用。数值模拟能够识别应力集中区域和裂纹扩展路径，这对于理解岩石破坏的效率和机制至关重要。结果表明，螺栓端部的几何形状显著影响接触区内的应力分布以及由此产生的破坏区的范围和形态。具体而言，采用带有2×2毫米倒角的圆柱形端部与圆锥形孔底部相结合的方式会促进深部裂缝的发展，这可能导致更大岩石碎片的分离。该机制可能有助于非爆炸式岩石破碎技术的发展。研究结果为进一步优化锚杆设计以及在采矿和岩土工程中开发有针对性的开挖方法奠定了基础。
