Wang Shuai, Jing Gang, Ma Liqiang, Zhao Leilei, Zhang Weiguang, Nan Hua
Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Coal Resources Green Mining, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Ürümqi, 830023, China.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal-Bearing Resources Exploration and Exploitation, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Ürümqi, 830023, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 18;15(1):26167. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11417-9.
The weak anchoring force and poor stability of the anchoring system in fractured surrounding rock roadway often lead to anchor rod slip failure, which seriously affects the safe and efficient mining of the mine. Therefore, this article intends to use theoretical analysis, indoor experiments, numerical simulations, and industrial experiments to study the migration law of wedge-shaped borehole grout and the reinforcement characteristics of surrounding rock grouting, the axial anchoring force reinforcement characteristics of the expanded bottom backfill anchoring technology and self-expanding enlarged head anchor rods, and the anchoring reinforcement mechanism of expanded bottom backfill anchoring technology and self-expanding enlarged head anchor rods. Firstly, The dimensions of the numerical simulation model are 2000 mm × 2000 mm. The study of the migration law of wedge-shaped borehole grout and the reinforcement characteristics of surrounding rock grouting reveals the diffusion law of wedge-shaped borehole grout and the mechanical changes in surrounding rock modification and replacement; Secondly, indoor anchor rod pull-out tests were conducted on three different anchoring forms, and the anchoring force changes of the three anchoring tests were compared and analyzed, as well as the interaction results between the filling body and the surrounding rock interface in the comparison group. The reinforcement characteristics of the expanded bottom filling anchoring using self expanding head anchor rods were obtained; Simultaneously, establish a mechanical model for expanding bottom backfill anchorage through theoretical analysis; Finally, on-site industrial inspections were carried out in Roadway 050001-07, the roadway is a 2.6 m × 2.6 m three arch roadway. It was found that after using self expanding head anchor rods for bottom filling and anchoring support, the roadway surrounding rock deformation shifted from axial-dominant to transverse-dominant. In comparison with the original support scheme, the maximum roof-to-floor displacement of the roadway decreased by 94%, and the maximum displacement of the two sides decreased by 88%. The stable time of the roadway was reduced from the original 300 days to 150 days, with the stable time advanced by 150 days. Further evidence shows that this anchoring support technology can achieve a significant increase in anchoring force with a small increase in engineering investment, effectively ensuring the stability of the roadway.
在破碎围岩巷道中，锚固系统的锚固力弱且稳定性差，常导致锚杆滑移失效，严重影响矿井的安全高效开采。因此，本文拟采用理论分析、室内试验、数值模拟和工业试验，研究楔形钻孔浆液的迁移规律及围岩注浆加固特性、扩底充填锚固技术和自扩孔端头锚杆的轴向锚固力加固特性，以及扩底充填锚固技术和自扩孔端头锚杆的锚固加固机理。首先，数值模拟模型尺寸为2000mm×2000mm。对楔形钻孔浆液的迁移规律及围岩注浆加固特性的研究揭示了楔形钻孔浆液的扩散规律以及围岩改性置换中的力学变化；其次，对三种不同锚固形式进行室内锚杆拉拔试验，对比分析三种锚固试验的锚固力变化情况以及对照组中充填体与围岩界面的相互作用结果，得出采用自扩孔端头锚杆的扩底充填锚固加固特性；同时，通过理论分析建立扩底充填锚固力学模型；最后，在050001 - 07巷道进行现场工业性考察，该巷道为2.6m×2.6m三心拱形巷道。发现采用自扩孔端头锚杆进行底部充填锚固支护后，巷道围岩变形由轴向主导转变为横向主导。与原支护方案相比，巷道最大顶底板位移量减小了94%，两帮最大位移量减小了88%。巷道稳定时间从原来的300天缩短至150天，提前了150天达到稳定。进一步证明该锚固支护技术能在工程投资增加不多的情况下显著提高锚固力，有效保证巷道稳定性。
