Barta Dalibor, Blatnický Miroslav, Lovska Alyona, Kowalski Sławomir, Slíva Aleš, Dižo Ján
Department of Transport and Handling Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia.
Faculty of Engineering Sciences, State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, 1a Zamenhofa Street, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Aug 23;25(17):5246. doi: 10.3390/s25175246.
Trailers for passenger cars are often used for the transportation of goods. There are various trailer designs. Most trailers are equipped with axles, which include swinging arms and are suspended by rubber segments. Observations have revealed that empty trailers have unfavorable driving properties when they are driven on uneven roads, for example, the wheels could jump off the road. Such a situation is dangerous because it is not possible to transmit any contact forces (longitudinal, lateral, or vertical) between the wheel and the road. The goal of the present research was to measure acceleration generated in a single-axle trailer when driving over a road obstacle. Measurements were conducted in a non-public area to avoid the risk of accidents. Acceleration was recorded using two accelerometers placed on the single-axle trailer frame above the wheels' axle of rotation. Tests were performed using a vehicle-trailer combination at the chosen driving speeds, and the results for driving speeds of 20 and 30 km/h are presented. Wood plates with a height of 25 and 50 mm were used as an artificial road obstacle. The single-axle trailer was loaded with gravel bags weighing 0 to 300 kg. The measurements revealed that heavier trailer loads and lower driving speeds are safer for trailer operation. Furthermore, the measurements also demonstrated that the wheels were significantly more likely to jump off the road with a 0 kg load and low driving speed.
乘用车拖车常被用于货物运输。拖车有多种设计。大多数拖车都配备了车轴，车轴包括摇臂，并由橡胶部件悬挂。观察发现，空拖车在不平坦道路上行驶时具有不良的行驶特性，例如，车轮可能会跳离路面。这种情况很危险，因为车轮与路面之间无法传递任何接触力（纵向、横向或垂直力）。本研究的目的是测量单轴拖车在驶过道路障碍物时产生的加速度。测量在非公共区域进行，以避免事故风险。使用两个加速度计记录加速度，加速度计放置在单轴拖车车架上车轮旋转轴上方。在选定的行驶速度下使用车辆 - 拖车组合进行测试，并给出了20公里/小时和30公里/小时行驶速度的测试结果。高度为25毫米和50毫米的木板被用作人工道路障碍物。单轴拖车装载了重量从0到300千克的砾石袋。测量结果表明，较重的拖车负载和较低的行驶速度对拖车运行更安全。此外，测量还表明，在0千克负载和低行驶速度下，车轮跳离路面的可能性显著更高。
