Streak Tube-Based LiDAR for 3D Imaging.

Streak cameras, essential for ultrahigh temporal resolution diagnostics in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion, underpin the streak tube imaging LiDAR (STIL) system-a flash LiDAR technology offering high spatiotemporal resolution, precise ranging, enhanced sensitivity, and wide field of view. This study establishes a theoretical model of the STIL system, with numerical simulations predicting limits of temporal and spatial resolutions of ~6 ps and 22.8 lp/mm, respectively. Dynamic simulations of laser backscatter signals from targets at varying depths demonstrate an optimal distance reconstruction accuracy of 98%. An experimental STIL platform was developed, with the key parameters calibrated as follows: scanning speed (16.78 ps/pixel), temporal resolution (14.47 ps), and central cathode spatial resolution (20 lp/mm). The system achieved target imaging through streak camera detection of azimuth-resolved intensity profiles, generating raw streak images. Feature extraction and neural network-based three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithms enabled target reconstruction from the time-of-flight data of short laser pulses, achieving a minimum distance reconstruction error of 3.57%. Experimental results validate the capability of the system to detect fast, low-intensity optical signals while acquiring target range information, ultimately achieving high-frame-rate, high-resolution 3D imaging. These advancements position STIL technology as a promising solution for applications that require micron-scale depth discrimination under dynamic conditions.