Kujawska Anna, Król Paulina
Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 22;26(17):8133. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178133.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a key plant regeneration technique involving the reprogramming of somatic cells into embryogenic structures. This developmental transition is regulated by complex genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including post-translational modifications such as SUMOylation-the covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to target proteins, influencing their function, stability, and interactions. While SUMOylation is known to regulate plant development and stress responses, its role in SE has remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the SUMOylation pathway in SE induction in . Using BLASTp analysis with known SUMO pathway proteins from and , we identified 10 homologous genes in . Phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, and conserved motif analyses confirmed their evolutionary conservation and characteristic domains. Expression profiling revealed significant upregulation of SUMO pathway genes-including Mt , Mt , Mt , Mt , and Mt -in embryogenic cell lines during early SE induction. Additionally, in silico prediction of SUMOylation sites and SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) in 12 key SE regulatory proteins indicated a broad potential for SUMO-mediated regulation. These findings suggest that SUMOylation may contribute to the acquisition of embryogenic competence during somatic cell reprogramming in plants.
体细胞胚胎发生（SE）是一种关键的植物再生技术，涉及将体细胞重编程为胚性结构。这种发育转变受复杂的遗传和表观遗传机制调控，包括翻译后修饰，如SUMO化——小泛素样修饰物（SUMO）蛋白与靶蛋白的共价连接，影响其功能、稳定性和相互作用。虽然已知SUMO化调控植物发育和应激反应，但其在体细胞胚胎发生中的作用尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们调查了SUMO化途径在[植物名称]体细胞胚胎发生诱导中的参与情况。通过对来自[其他植物名称1]和[其他植物名称2]的已知SUMO途径蛋白进行BLASTp分析，我们在[目标植物名称]中鉴定出10个同源基因。系统发育关系、基因结构和保守基序分析证实了它们的进化保守性和特征结构域。表达谱分析显示，在体细胞胚胎发生早期诱导过程中，胚性细胞系中SUMO途径基因——包括Mt[基因名称1]、Mt[基因名称2]、Mt[基因名称3]、Mt[基因名称4]和Mt[基因名称5]——显著上调。此外，对12种关键体细胞胚胎发生调控蛋白中的SUMO化位点和SUMO相互作用基序（SIMs）的计算机预测表明，SUMO介导的调控具有广泛的潜力。这些发现表明，SUMO化可能有助于植物体细胞重编程过程中胚性能力的获得。
