Steinberg Thorsten, Jung Britta, Husari Ayman, Bai Shuoqiu, Tomakidi Pascal
Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 23;26(17):8203. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178203.
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is accompanied by sterile inflammation, a necessary biological process that facilitates tooth displacement but also contributes to adverse effects, including hyalinization and orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (OEARR). Despite advancements in orthodontic therapies, the inflammatory response-regulated by dynamic interactions between tissue-specific cells and their molecular mediators-remains a critical factor influencing treatment outcomes. This review summarizes the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying OTM, with a focus on how these insights can support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. These include cell- and molecule-based therapies, biomaterial-mediated delivery systems, and applications of artificial intelligence (AI). Notably, AI offers promising opportunities for modeling and simulating biological responses, enabling the optimization of individualized treatment planning. We further discuss current clinical practices and highlight emerging experimental findings, with an emphasis on unresolved research questions pivotal to improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing complications such as OEARR. This comprehensive overview aims to inform future directions in orthodontics by integrating mechanistic knowledge with technological innovation.
正畸牙齿移动（OTM）伴随着无菌性炎症，这是一个必要的生物学过程，它促进牙齿移位，但也会导致包括透明样变和正畸诱导的根尖外吸收（OEARR）等不良反应。尽管正畸治疗取得了进展，但由组织特异性细胞与其分子介质之间的动态相互作用所调节的炎症反应，仍然是影响治疗结果的关键因素。本综述总结了目前对OTM潜在细胞和分子机制的理解，重点关注这些见解如何支持靶向治疗策略的发展。这些策略包括基于细胞和分子的疗法、生物材料介导的递送系统以及人工智能（AI）的应用。值得注意的是，AI为建模和模拟生物学反应提供了有前景的机会，能够优化个性化治疗方案。我们进一步讨论了当前的临床实践，并突出了新出现的实验结果，重点关注对于提高治疗效果和减少诸如OEARR等并发症至关重要但尚未解决的研究问题。这一全面概述旨在通过将机制知识与技术创新相结合，为正畸学的未来发展方向提供参考。
