Caraba Ion Valeriu, Crisan Luminita, Caraba Marioara Nicoleta
Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
ANAPATMOL Research Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, E. Murgu, 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 24;26(17):8209. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178209.
This study evaluated the effects of different doses of the herbicide fluroxypyr on soil microbial communities under controlled laboratory conditions. Specific enzymatic activities ((dehydrogenase (DA), urease (UA), catalase (CA), phosphatase (PA)) and quantitative variations in bacterial and fungal populations were measured regarding key physico-chemical soil parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, moisture, organic matter, ammonium, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphate content). The effects of the herbicide on the targeted parameters were dose- and time-dependent. Fluroxypyr induced a clear decrease in DA, CA, and PA during the first 14 days after administration, while UA showed a decrease in the first 7 days, followed by a slight increase starting on day 14, closely related to the applied dose. Microbial populations decreased in direct relation to the fluroxypyr dose. Organic matter content exhibited a positive correlation with DA, UA, CA, as well as with microbial populations. In addition, three natural compounds structurally similar to fluroxypyr were identified via 3D virtual screening, demonstrating potential herbicidal activity. Fluroxypyr can alter soil metabolic activity and disrupt microbial communities, thereby affecting soil fertility. Used as a reference in 3D screening, fluroxypyr helped identify three natural compounds with potential herbicidal activity as safer alternatives to synthetic herbicides.
本研究在可控的实验室条件下评估了不同剂量的除草剂氟草烟对土壤微生物群落的影响。针对关键的土壤理化参数（温度、pH值、电导率、湿度、有机质、铵、硝态氮和有效磷含量），测量了特定的酶活性（脱氢酶（DA）、脲酶（UA）、过氧化氢酶（CA）、磷酸酶（PA））以及细菌和真菌种群的数量变化。除草剂对目标参数的影响具有剂量和时间依赖性。施用氟草烟后的前14天内，DA、CA和PA明显下降，而UA在第1个7天下降，随后从第14天开始略有上升，这与施用剂量密切相关。微生物种群数量与氟草烟剂量呈直接负相关。有机质含量与DA、UA、CA以及微生物种群呈正相关。此外，通过三维虚拟筛选鉴定出三种结构与氟草烟相似的天然化合物，显示出潜在的除草活性。氟草烟可改变土壤代谢活性并破坏微生物群落，从而影响土壤肥力。作为三维筛选的参考，氟草烟有助于鉴定出三种具有潜在除草活性的天然化合物，作为合成除草剂的更安全替代品。
