Baćmaga Małgorzata, Wyszkowska Jadwiga, Kucharski Jan
Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki 3 Sq., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 6;26(12):5452. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125452.
Despite their effectiveness in eliminating weeds, herbicides can indirectly and directly affect organisms, leading to a decline in species abundance as well as disruptions to the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Boxer 800 EC, whose active ingredient is prosulfocarb, is an active herbicide commonly used for weed control, but its potential ecological risks are not well understood. With this in mind, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium alginate and sodium polyacrylate in restoring homeostasis to soil exposed to Boxer 800 EC herbicide. This involved a two-factor pot experiment: factor I-herbicide dose (0.0, 0.8, 4.8, and 48.0 mg kg d.m.); factor II-polymer type (soil with the polymer additives sodium alginate, and sodium polyacrylate). The experiment was carried out on Eutric Cambisols with four replicates and lasted for 50 days. The test plant was L., cultivar "KWS Dorium C1". The contaminant herbicide doses inhibited the proliferation of organotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria and reduced the colony development index (CD) and ecophysiological diversity index (EP) values for these microorganisms. The addition of sodium alginate to the soil increased the proliferation of these microorganisms, whereas sodium polyacrylate inhibited their development. Sodium alginate also increased the colony development index value of organotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria. Across all the analyzed factors, bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteriota dominated. However, the presence of herbicides and polymers changed the abundance of these bacteria. Bacteria of the genus were the most prevalent genus in the samples. The herbicide Boxer 800 EC exerted a toxic effect on the growth and development of spring wheat, which was reflected in the plant biomass yield (shoot and ear) and the SPAD index. The recommended herbicide dose (0.80 mg kg) did not cause significant changes in the growth and development of spring wheat. The hydrogel control additives deepened the negative effect of the herbicide on plant development. While the herbicide significantly reduced the levels of available carbon and total nitrogen in the soil, the polymers increased these parameters.
尽管除草剂在除草方面很有效，但它们会直接或间接影响生物体，导致物种丰富度下降，并扰乱生态系统的结构和功能。活性成分是丙酯草醚的800 EC宝成除草剂是一种常用的除草活性除草剂，但其潜在的生态风险尚未得到充分了解。考虑到这一点，开展了一项研究，以评估海藻酸钠和聚丙烯酸钠在恢复暴露于800 EC宝成除草剂的土壤的稳态方面的有效性。这涉及一项双因素盆栽试验：因素I-除草剂剂量（0.0、0.8、4.8和48.0毫克/千克干物质）；因素II-聚合物类型（添加了海藻酸钠和聚丙烯酸钠聚合物添加剂的土壤）。该试验在中性始成土上进行，重复四次，持续50天。试验植物是春小麦品种“KWS Dorium C1”。污染物除草剂剂量抑制了有机营养细菌和放线菌的增殖，并降低了这些微生物的菌落发育指数（CD）和生态生理多样性指数（EP）值。向土壤中添加海藻酸钠增加了这些微生物的增殖，而聚丙烯酸钠则抑制了它们的生长。海藻酸钠还提高了有机营养细菌和放线菌的菌落发育指数值。在所有分析因素中，变形菌门的细菌占主导地位。然而，除草剂和聚合物的存在改变了这些细菌的丰度。某属细菌是样本中最普遍的属。800 EC宝成除草剂对春小麦的生长发育产生了毒性作用，这反映在植物生物量产量（地上部分和穗）和SPAD指数上。推荐的除草剂剂量（0.80毫克/千克）并未导致春小麦生长发育的显著变化。水凝胶对照添加剂加深了除草剂对植物发育的负面影响。虽然除草剂显著降低了土壤中有效碳和总氮的水平，但聚合物提高了这些参数。
