Proshina Ekaterina, Gaidareva Anastasia, Beskhizhko Margarita, Kazaryan Grigor, Bainbridge Emily, Khayrullina Guzal
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova St. 5A, 117485 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya St. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 3;26(17):8578. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178578.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous mental illness characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations and underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Modern research highlights the importance of identifying subtypes of OCD-separate categories that are characterized by specific phenotypic manifestations. This review provides a systematic integration of multi-level biomarker data (genetic, neuroimaging, neuropsychological) specifically aligned with the most consistently replicated, symptom-based subtypes of OCD. Our findings demonstrate that distinct OCD subtypes are underpinned by divergent neurobiological pathways, involving dysregulation across glutamatergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and neurotrophic systems, as well as distinct patterns of brain region engagement. The most extensive body of evidence currently exists for the contamination/cleaning and symmetry/ordering OCD subtypes. In contrast, other subtypes require more rigorous investigation. The findings from this study can provide theoretical prerequisites for future experimental studies involving larger cohorts of OCD patients, who can then be classified based on their detected biomarkers and tested accordingly.
强迫症（OCD）是一种异质性精神疾病，具有多种临床表现和潜在的神经生物学机制。现代研究强调了识别强迫症亚型（以特定表型表现为特征的不同类别）的重要性。本综述对多层次生物标志物数据（基因、神经影像学、神经心理学）进行了系统整合，这些数据与强迫症最一致重复的、基于症状的亚型特别相关。我们的研究结果表明，不同的强迫症亚型由不同的神经生物学途径支持，涉及谷氨酸能、血清素能、多巴胺能和神经营养系统的失调，以及不同的脑区参与模式。目前关于污染/清洁和对称/排序强迫症亚型的证据最为广泛。相比之下，其他亚型需要更严格的研究。这项研究的结果可以为未来涉及更大规模强迫症患者队列的实验研究提供理论前提，这些患者随后可以根据检测到的生物标志物进行分类并相应地进行测试。
