Branicka Olga, Rozłucka Lesia, Gawlik Radosław, Glück Joanna
Department of Internal Disease, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 4;26(17):8601. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178601.
Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an IgE-mediated allergy, triggered by a carbohydrate-galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal). AGS is marked by a delayed onset of symptoms, typically occurring 3-8 h after the ingestion of red meat or other mammalian-derived products. The primary risk factor is believed to be tick bites, which sensitize individuals through the introduction of α-Gal via tick saliva. Diagnosis of AGS is based on a combination of anamnesis and detection of α-Gal-specific IgE antibodies. We evaluated 28 patients with a history of unexplained anaphylaxis, angioedema, and/or urticaria, in whom the diagnostic work-up included the assessment of serum IgE specific to alpha-gal. Elevated alpha-gal-specific IgE levels were detected in five patients. Among them, four reported anaphylactic episodes following meat consumption. In three cases, symptoms developed during the evening or nighttime, typically 3 to 6 h after the last meal. One patient experienced anaphylaxis within one hour after a meal. Another patient presented angioedema up to 24 h after meat consumption and was also tested positive for specific IgE against beef and pork allergens. The AGS case series showed variability in clinical picture and time to reaction. In patients presenting idiopathic anaphylaxis and nonspecific symptoms after red meat consumption, AGS should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
α-半乳糖综合征（AGS）是一种由碳水化合物——半乳糖-α-1,3-半乳糖（α-Gal）引发的IgE介导的过敏反应。AGS的特点是症状延迟出现，通常在摄入红肉或其他哺乳动物源性产品后3至8小时发生。主要危险因素被认为是蜱虫叮咬，蜱虫通过其唾液引入α-Gal使个体致敏。AGS的诊断基于病史采集和α-Gal特异性IgE抗体检测。我们评估了28例有不明原因过敏反应、血管性水肿和/或荨麻疹病史的患者，其诊断检查包括评估血清中α-半乳糖特异性IgE。在5例患者中检测到α-半乳糖特异性IgE水平升高。其中，4例报告在食用肉类后出现过敏反应。在3例中，症状在晚上或夜间出现，通常在最后一餐3至6小时后。1例患者在进食后1小时内发生过敏反应。另1例患者在食用肉类后24小时内出现血管性水肿，并且针对牛肉和猪肉过敏原的特异性IgE检测也呈阳性。AGS病例系列显示临床表现和反应时间存在差异。对于食用红肉后出现特发性过敏反应和非特异性症状的患者，应考虑将AGS作为鉴别诊断。
