Kovenskiy Artur, Katkenov Nurlubek, Ramazanova Aigul, Vinogradova Elizaveta, Jarmukhanov Zharkyn, Mukhatayev Zhussipbek, Kushugulova Almagul
Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Block S1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Department of Dermatovenereology and Dermatocosmetology, NJSC "Astana Medical University", 50/2 Republic Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 7;26(17):8724. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178724.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and alopecia areata (AA) are organ-specific autoimmune diseases that frequently co-occur, suggesting shared immunological and microbial pathways. The gut microbiome has emerged as a key modulator of immune function, yet disease-specific microbial signatures remain poorly defined. Fecal samples from 51 participants (HT: = 16, AA: = 17, healthy controls: = 18) aged 18-65 years were analyzed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing followed by multivariate statistical analyses. While alpha and beta diversity did not differ significantly across groups, taxonomic profiling revealed disease-specific microbial patterns. was significantly enriched in HT, suggesting a potential role in immune modulation; although mechanisms such as polysaccharide A production and molecular mimicry have been proposed in previous studies, their involvement in HT remains to be confirmed. sp. was elevated in both HT and AA, indicating its potential as a shared autoimmune marker. Functional analysis showed increased fermentation and amino acid biosynthesis in AA, contrasting with reduced metabolic activity and elevated carbohydrate biosynthesis in HT. HT and AA exhibit distinct gut microbial and metabolic signatures. and sp. may serve as potential microbial correlates for autoimmune activity, offering new insights into disease pathogenesis and targets for microbiome-based interventions.
桥本甲状腺炎（HT）和斑秃（AA）是常见共发的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病，提示存在共同的免疫和微生物途径。肠道微生物群已成为免疫功能的关键调节因子，但疾病特异性的微生物特征仍不清楚。对51名年龄在18至65岁的参与者（HT组：16人，AA组：17人，健康对照组：18人）的粪便样本进行鸟枪法宏基因组测序，随后进行多变量统计分析。虽然各组间的α和β多样性没有显著差异，但分类学分析揭示了疾病特异性的微生物模式。在HT组中显著富集，提示其在免疫调节中可能发挥作用；尽管先前的研究提出了如多糖A产生和分子模拟等机制，但其在HT中的作用仍有待证实。在HT组和AA组中均升高，表明其作为共同自身免疫标志物的潜力。功能分析显示，AA组中发酵和氨基酸生物合成增加，而HT组中代谢活性降低和碳水化合物生物合成升高。HT和AA表现出不同的肠道微生物和代谢特征。和可能作为自身免疫活性的潜在微生物关联物，为疾病发病机制提供新见解，并为基于微生物群的干预提供靶点。
