Chaudhary Usamah, Shah Shawn L
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Dallas VA Medical Center-VA North Texas Healthcare System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
J Clin Med. 2025 Aug 26;14(17):6028. doi: 10.3390/jcm14176028.
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy originating from the epithelial lining of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Although rare globally, its mortality closely mirrors incidence due to late-stage presentation of the disease and limited curative options. While surgical resection and liver transplantation remain the cornerstone treatments for those with resectable disease, endoscopic techniques have emerged as versatile tools for diagnosis, therapy, and palliation. In recent years, there have been major advancements in endoscopic therapies, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The current narrative review serves to provide an overview of current and emerging endoscopic strategies for CCA, emphasizing diagnostic capabilities, therapeutic approaches, palliative interventions, and future directions.
胆管癌（CCA）是一种起源于肝内或肝外胆管上皮的侵袭性恶性肿瘤。尽管在全球范围内较为罕见，但由于该疾病晚期才出现症状且治愈选择有限，其死亡率与发病率密切相关。虽然手术切除和肝移植仍然是可切除疾病患者的主要治疗方法，但内镜技术已成为诊断、治疗和缓解症状的多功能工具。近年来，内镜治疗取得了重大进展，包括射频消融（RFA）、腔内近距离放疗（ILBT）和光动力疗法（PDT）。本篇叙述性综述旨在概述CCA目前和新兴的内镜治疗策略，重点介绍诊断能力、治疗方法、姑息性干预措施及未来发展方向。
