Campos Maria João, Garbacz Agnieszka, Czlapka-Klapinska Natalia, Czlapka-Matyasik Magdalena, Pena Angelina
Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Aug 28;17(17):2802. doi: 10.3390/nu17172802.
The increasing use of food supplements (FSs) and the knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals (HPs) and non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) in Portugal regarding their influence on dietary patterns and health need investigating. This study aimed to explore FS users' lifestyle and dietary patterns, identifying differences and how professional background influences these patterns. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1122 Portuguese adults aged 35 ± 14.0 yrs (between 18 and 85), via snowball sampling, collecting data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, FS use, and health attitudes. Cluster analysis (k-means) revealed four patterns: (1) professional supplement users with a healthy diet (PSHD), (2) professional non-supplement users with a less healthy diet (PnSLHD), (3) non-professional supplement users with a healthy diet (nPSHD), and (4) non-professional non-supplement users with a less healthy diet (nPnSLHD). Logistic regression assessed associations with lifestyle traits. Significant sociodemographic differences existed between HPs and nHPs. Higher nutritional knowledge and nutritionist recommendations were strongly associated with a healthier diet and FS use (PSHD, nPSHD). Smoking was associated with less healthy patterns (PnSLHD, nPnSLHD). Among nHPs, males were significantly more likely to belong to the nPSHD group (OR: 1.61) compared to females (OR: 0.61). Distinct dietary and lifestyle patterns among Portuguese FS users and non-users vary by background. The findings suggest that FS users often maintain healthier lifestyles, indicating that FSs typically supplement rather than compensate for poor habits.
葡萄牙食品补充剂（FSs）的使用日益增加，医疗保健专业人员（HPs）和非医疗保健专业人员（nHPs）对其对饮食模式和健康影响的知识差距有待研究。本研究旨在探索FS使用者的生活方式和饮食模式，找出差异以及专业背景如何影响这些模式。通过滚雪球抽样对1122名年龄在35±14.0岁（18至85岁之间）的葡萄牙成年人进行了横断面研究，收集了社会人口学特征、饮食模式、FS使用情况和健康态度的数据。聚类分析（k均值法）揭示了四种模式：（1）饮食健康的专业补充剂使用者（PSHD），（2）饮食不太健康的专业非补充剂使用者（PnSLHD），（3）饮食健康的非专业补充剂使用者（nPSHD），以及（4）饮食不太健康的非专业非补充剂使用者（nPnSLHD）。逻辑回归评估了与生活方式特征的关联。HPs和nHPs之间存在显著的社会人口学差异。更高的营养知识和营养师的建议与更健康的饮食和FS使用（PSHD，nPSHD）密切相关。吸烟与不太健康的模式（PnSLHD，nPnSLHD）相关。在nHPs中，男性属于nPSHD组的可能性显著高于女性（OR：1.61）（OR：0.61）。葡萄牙FS使用者和非使用者之间不同的饮食和生活方式模式因背景而异。研究结果表明，FS使用者通常保持更健康的生活方式，这表明FS通常是对不良习惯的补充而非弥补。
