Sekar Padmini, Lovegrove Julie A, Surendran Shelini, Vimaleswaran Karani Santhanakrishnan
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK.
The Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK.
Nutrients. 2025 Sep 4;17(17):2866. doi: 10.3390/nu17172866.
Metabolic diseases, like type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, show a growing public health concern in Sri Lanka. Genetic predisposition and diet contribute to metabolic disease risk, but there are limited investigations into the impact of gene-diet interactions on metabolic disease risk in the Sri Lankan population. In this study, we examined whether a metabolic genetic risk score (GRS), constructed from 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), interacts with dietary factors to influence metabolic health indicators in Sri Lankan adults.
This cross-sectional study included 105 generally healthy adults aged 25-50 years from the GOOD (Genetics of Obesity and Diabetes) study. Anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data using food frequency questionnaires were collected using validated methods. Genotyping was performed using the KASP assay. The unweighted GRS was calculated by summing risk alleles across 10 SNPs in the , , , and genes. Gene-diet interaction analysis was conducted using regression models adjusted for confounders.
A statistically significant interaction was identified between the 10-SNP metabolic GRS and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake on waist circumference (P = 0.00009). Participants with a high GRS (≥6 risk alleles) and higher PUFA intake (≥3.1 g/day) exhibited significantly lower waist circumference ( = 0.047).
This study provides novel insights to understand gene-diet interactions affecting metabolic traits in Sri Lankans. The findings suggest that higher PUFA intake may mitigate genetic susceptibility to central obesity, highlighting the importance of personalized dietary recommendations for metabolic disease prevention. Further studies in larger cohorts are warranted to confirm this finding.
在斯里兰卡，代谢性疾病，如2型糖尿病和肥胖症，日益引起公众对健康的关注。遗传易感性和饮食会增加患代谢性疾病的风险，但关于基因-饮食相互作用对斯里兰卡人群代谢性疾病风险影响的研究较少。在本研究中，我们检验了由10个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）构建的代谢遗传风险评分（GRS）是否与饮食因素相互作用，从而影响斯里兰卡成年人的代谢健康指标。
这项横断面研究纳入了GOOD（肥胖与糖尿病遗传学）研究中的105名年龄在25 - 50岁之间的一般健康成年人。使用经过验证的方法收集人体测量、生化指标以及通过食物频率问卷获得的饮食数据。采用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR（KASP）分析进行基因分型。未加权的GRS通过对 、 、 和 基因中的10个SNP的风险等位基因进行求和来计算。使用针对混杂因素进行调整的回归模型进行基因-饮食相互作用分析。
在腰围方面，发现10个SNP的代谢GRS与多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）摄入量之间存在显著的统计学相互作用（P = 0.00009）。GRS高（≥6个风险等位基因）且PUFA摄入量高（≥3.1克/天）的参与者腰围显著更低（ = 0.047）。
本研究为理解影响斯里兰卡人代谢特征的基因-饮食相互作用提供了新的见解。研究结果表明，较高的PUFA摄入量可能减轻对中心性肥胖的遗传易感性，突出了个性化饮食建议对预防代谢性疾病的重要性。有必要在更大的队列中进行进一步研究以证实这一发现。
