Vassilopoulou Emilia, Karastogiannidou Calliope, Comotti Anna, Agostoni Carlo, Maragkou Myrto-Kalliopi, Papadopoulos Nikolaos G, Pasioti Maria, Lithoxopoulou Maria, Feketea Gavriela, Tsabouri Sophia, Milani Gregorio Paolo, Venter Carina
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Allergy. 2025 Sep 13. doi: 10.1111/all.70054.
Prevention is a key strategy for reducing the burden of food allergies (FA). The maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding is increasingly recognized as a factor contributing to FA risk.
We analyzed data from a sub-cohort of the MEDALLION study to evaluate the association between maternal adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and the development of FA in offsprings. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and lactation was assessed using a validated scale, i.e., the MedDiet Score, along with individual food group consumption. Multiple logistic regression models were performed.
A total of 430 mother-offspring dyads were included in the analysis. Higher maternal adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reduced odds of FA in offspring during both pregnancy (adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-1.00) and lactation (adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-1.00). Increased weekly consumption of fruits and full-fat dairy products during pregnancy, and vegetables during breastfeeding, was associated with reduced likelihood of FA in the offspring. Conversely, higher intake of poultry and red meat (> 3 servings/week) during both periods, and fish consumption during pregnancy (> 1 serving/week), were associated with increased odds of FA.
This study points out that the MedDiet and, especially, some specific components, such as fruits, vegetables, and full-fat dairy products, may contribute to lowering the risk of FA in infants, whereas a higher intake of poultry, red meat, and fish may increase it. These findings support the potential of maternal nutrition to reduce childhood FA.
预防是减轻食物过敏（FA）负担的关键策略。孕期和哺乳期的母亲饮食越来越被认为是导致食物过敏风险的一个因素。
我们分析了MEDALLION研究的一个亚队列数据，以评估母亲坚持地中海饮食（MedDiet）与后代食物过敏发生之间的关联。使用经过验证的量表，即地中海饮食评分，以及个体食物组的摄入量，评估孕期和哺乳期母亲的饮食摄入情况。进行了多个逻辑回归模型分析。
共有430对母婴二元组纳入分析。母亲对地中海饮食的更高依从性与后代在孕期（调整后的比值比为0.94，95%置信区间为0.89 - 1.00）和哺乳期（调整后的比值比为0.94，95%置信区间为0.88 - 1.00）发生食物过敏的几率降低相关。孕期每周水果和全脂乳制品摄入量增加，以及哺乳期蔬菜摄入量增加，与后代食物过敏可能性降低相关。相反，两个时期家禽和红肉摄入量较高（>3份/周），以及孕期鱼类摄入量（>1份/周），与食物过敏几率增加相关。
本研究指出，地中海饮食，尤其是某些特定成分，如水果、蔬菜和全脂乳制品，可能有助于降低婴儿食物过敏风险，而较高的家禽、红肉和鱼类摄入量可能会增加风险。这些发现支持了母亲营养在降低儿童食物过敏方面的潜力。
