Jiménez Díaz-Benito Víctor, Bonal Jose, Fernandez-Luna Alvaro, Burillo Pablo, Macías Ricardo, León-Quismondo Jairo
Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Real Madrid Graduate School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Aug 29;7:1672619. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1672619. eCollection 2025.
Physical inactivity is a major public health concern, with persistent gender disparities and growing sedentary behavior in modern workplaces. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), despite employing most of the workforce, often lack structured health programs. Workplace physical activity interventions show promise but yield mixed results, especially when gender differences are not considered. This study addresses these gaps by evaluating a supervised exercise program through a sex-disaggregated analysis in SMEs from diverse sectors.
We conducted a 12-week multicomponent physical activity program in three SMEs, using a mixed factorial design to assess changes by time, gender, and company. Physically inactive employees with sedentary jobs participated in supervised exercise sessions and health-promotion activities. The study included employees from three sectors: Training and Consulting, Insurance and Technology, and Digital Engineering, with a total sample of 49 participants (41 women and 8 men). Pre-and post-intervention measures included anthropometrics, perceived health, cardiorespiratory fitness, and productivity.
Cardiovascular fitness improved significantly in both sexes, and diastolic blood pressure decreased over time across companies. Quality-of-life scores did not improve globally. Productivity costs due to presenteeism decreased significantly, with differences by company and sex ( < .001).
A tailored three-month supervised exercise program, delivered onsite or online three times per week, appears to improve health outcomes among SME administrative staff and reduce productivity losses, especially when combining aerobic and strength training with activation routines, workshops, and gamified challenges.
缺乏身体活动是一个重大的公共卫生问题，在现代工作场所中存在持续的性别差异且久坐行为日益增加。中小企业（SMEs）尽管雇佣了大部分劳动力，但往往缺乏结构化的健康计划。工作场所身体活动干预显示出前景，但结果参差不齐，尤其是在未考虑性别差异的情况下。本研究通过对来自不同行业的中小企业进行按性别分类的分析来评估一项有监督的锻炼计划，以填补这些空白。
我们在三家中小企业开展了一项为期12周的多成分身体活动计划，采用混合因子设计来评估时间、性别和公司带来的变化。从事久坐工作且缺乏身体活动的员工参加有监督的锻炼课程和健康促进活动。该研究纳入了来自三个行业的员工：培训与咨询、保险与技术以及数字工程，总样本为49名参与者（41名女性和8名男性）。干预前后的测量指标包括人体测量学、感知健康、心肺功能和生产力。
男女的心血管健康均有显著改善，各公司随时间推移舒张压降低。总体生活质量得分未改善。因出勤主义导致的生产力成本显著降低，存在公司和性别的差异（<0.001）。
一项为期三个月的量身定制的有监督锻炼计划，每周在现场或在线进行三次，似乎能改善中小企业行政人员的健康状况并减少生产力损失，特别是在将有氧训练和力量训练与激活常规、工作坊及游戏化挑战相结合时。
