Mehta Disha, Dave Pragnesh N, Kumar V Vijay
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120 Gujarat India
Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology Bhuj-370 001 Gujarat India.
RSC Adv. 2025 Sep 12;15(40):33189-33208. doi: 10.1039/d5ra04604a. eCollection 2025 Sep 11.
Rising water demand has intensified pollution and created an urgent need for efficient treatment methods. Adsorption is a green and low-cost approach, yet conventional adsorbents often face sustainability and regeneration challenges. In this study, a novel adsorbent was developed by pyrolyzing leaf powder (LP) into biochar (BC300), followed by base treatment and coprecipitation with NiCuZnFeO spinel to form a ferrite-biochar composite (FCOB). FCOB effectively removed Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. FE-SEM images revealed a layered morphology, while FTIR analysis confirmed multiple adsorption mechanisms, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, and pore filling for CV adsorption. Optimization studies showed maximum CV removal at pH 8 with a 30 mg FCOB dose, maintaining >95% removal up to 200 mg L dye concentration. For higher concentrations, 150, 250 mg L, the equilibrium time was 120 min. The Langmuir model indicated monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity ( ) of 325.5 mg g at 30 °C, whereas the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model ( < 8 kJ mol) suggested physical adsorption. Kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model best described the process, indicating the chemical nature of CV adsorption onto FCOB, while the Elovich model provided a better fit at higher concentrations, reflecting surface heterogeneity. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that CV adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic (Δ° = 49.03 kJ mol). FCOB retained >275 mg g capacity after five regeneration cycles, demonstrating good reusability. Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling reliably predicted adsorption performance ( > 0.99) using pH, dye concentration, dose, time, and temperature as inputs. These findings highlight FCOB as an economical, eco-friendly, and scalable adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater.
不断增长的用水需求加剧了污染，迫切需要高效的处理方法。吸附是一种绿色且低成本的方法，但传统吸附剂往往面临可持续性和再生挑战。在本研究中，通过将叶粉（LP）热解为生物炭（BC300），随后进行碱处理并与NiCuZnFeO尖晶石共沉淀，制备出一种新型吸附剂，形成铁氧体-生物炭复合材料（FCOB）。FCOB能有效去除水溶液中的结晶紫（CV）染料。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）图像显示出层状形态，而傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析证实了多种吸附机制，包括氢键、静电吸引、表面络合以及用于CV吸附的孔隙填充。优化研究表明，在pH为8、FCOB剂量为30 mg时，CV去除率最高，在染料浓度高达200 mg/L时，去除率保持>95%。对于更高浓度，即150、250 mg/L，平衡时间为120 min。朗缪尔模型表明在30℃下为单层吸附，最大吸附容量（ ）为325.5 mg/g，而杜宾宁-拉杜舍维奇（D-R）模型（ < 8 kJ/mol）表明为物理吸附。动力学分析表明，准二级（PSO）模型最能描述该过程，表明CV吸附到FCOB上的化学性质，而埃洛维奇模型在较高浓度下拟合效果更好，反映了表面非均质性。热力学参数证实，CV吸附是自发的且吸热的（Δ° = 49.03 kJ/mol）。经过五个再生循环后，FCOB的吸附容量保持>275 mg/g，显示出良好的可重复使用性。人工神经网络（ANN）建模使用pH、染料浓度、剂量、时间和温度作为输入，可靠地预测了吸附性能（ > 0.99）。这些发现突出了FCOB作为一种经济、环保且可扩展的吸附剂用于从废水中去除染料的特性。
