Aisyah Dewi Nur, Setiawan Agus Heri, Lokopessy Alfiano Fawwaz, Mayadewi Chyntia Aryanti, Endryantoro M Thoriqul Aziz, Wibowo Viktor, Disviana Sarah, Laksana Indra, Aviandito Mohammad, Kozlakidis Zisis, Manikam Logan
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom, 44 02076792000.
Digital Transformation Office, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
JMIR Med Inform. 2025 Sep 15;13:e65940. doi: 10.2196/65940.
Primary health care centers (Puskesmas) serve as the cornerstone of Indonesia's health care system, providing integrated services aimed at improving individual health through prevention, treatment, and health promotion. To fulfill these roles effectively, robust technological infrastructure, particularly reliable internet connectivity, is increasingly essential. Assessing the availability and quality of internet access in Puskesmas is therefore a critical step in understanding their readiness to implement digital health initiatives and fulfill their responsibilities in delivering accessible and effective healthcare services.
This study provides a national baseline assessment of internet quality and its relevant IT infrastructure in more than 10,000 Puskesmas across Indonesia.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted throughout all Puskesmas (10,382) in 34 provinces in Indonesia, using an online questionnaire. Categorization was done to analyze internet quality level results.
A total of 10,378 out of 10,382 public health centers (99.96%) participated in this study. Overall, 745 of 10,382 (7.18%) did not have internet access, 1487 (14.33%) had limited internet access, 5567 (53.64%) had sufficient internet access, and 2579 (24.85%) had sufficient and fast internet access. Moreover, 832 of 10,382 Puskesmas (8.02%) did not have 24-hour electricity, 44,196 (43.7%) had a central processing unit (CPU) with i3 specifications, 43,044 (42.56%) had 512 GB hard disk capacity, and 67,272 (66.5%) used antivirus.
Although 79% (8201/10,382) of Puskesmas in Indonesia already had sufficient internet access, 21% (2180/10,382) still have limited and insufficient access. To ensure universal internet availability, it is essential to build collaborative support among internet providers and government to foster the availability and use of internet satellites, high-quality computers, and electrical power to support internet connectivity.
初级卫生保健中心（Puskesmas）是印度尼西亚卫生保健系统的基石，提供旨在通过预防、治疗和健康促进来改善个人健康的综合服务。为了有效履行这些职责，强大的技术基础设施，尤其是可靠的互联网连接，变得越来越重要。因此，评估Puskesmas的互联网接入可用性和质量是了解其实施数字健康计划的准备情况以及履行其提供可及且有效医疗服务责任的关键一步。
本研究对印度尼西亚10000多个Puskesmas的互联网质量及其相关IT基础设施进行了全国性基线评估。
通过在线问卷对印度尼西亚34个省份的所有Puskesmas（10382个）进行了横断面调查。进行分类以分析互联网质量水平结果。
10382个公共卫生中心中的10378个（99.96%）参与了本研究。总体而言，10382个中有745个（7.18%）没有互联网接入，1487个（14.33%）互联网接入有限，5567个（53.64%）有足够的互联网接入，2579个（24.85%）有足够且快速的互联网接入。此外，10382个Puskesmas中有832个（8.02%）没有24小时供电，44196个（43.7%）有i3规格的中央处理器（CPU），43044个（42.56%）有512GB硬盘容量，67272个（66.5%）使用了杀毒软件。
尽管印度尼西亚79%（8201/10382）的Puskesmas已经有足够的互联网接入，但21%（2180/10382）的接入仍然有限且不足。为确保普遍的互联网可用性，互联网服务提供商和政府之间建立协作支持以促进互联网卫星、高质量计算机和电力的可用性和使用以支持互联网连接至关重要。
