Zeeman Laetitia, Sawyer Alexandra, Bailey Louis, Sherriff Nigel, Smith Matt
School of Education, Sport and Health Sciences, Centre for Transforming Sexuality and Gender, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
School of Education, Sport and Health Sciences, Centre for Transforming Sexuality and Gender, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
BMJ Open. 2025 Sep 14;15(9):e096792. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096792.
Gambling is of public health importance due to the potential impacts of gambling on individuals and their communities.
This review draws on evidence to address: 'What is known about gambling in lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer+ (LGBTQ+) communities?' including (i) the prevalence of gambling harm; (ii) the lived experience of gambling harms; (iii) the interventions and service barriers and (iv) the risk and protective factors against gambling harms.
The identified peer-reviewed and grey literature papers were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria by two reviewers prior to extracting data. Eligibility for inclusion was assessed via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) framework and a Weight of Evidence approach.
PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar and Cochrane were searched for peer reviewed and grey literature published from June 2000 to June 2023.
Data extraction tables were developed to include the characteristics, methods, sample and key findings for each study.
19 papers were included, which showed mixed prevalence of problems with gambling among lesbian, gay and bisexual populations. There is more consistent evidence that trans and gender diverse people experience higher levels of problems with gambling compared with cisgender (not trans) people. Limited research focused on the lived experience or the wider impact of gambling harm among LGBTQ+communities. Risk factors for gambling harm included minority stress, societal stigma, discrimination and isolation. Protective factors against gambling harm included higher levels of support, positive social interaction and mainstream community connectedness. No studies were identified with gambling interventions specific to LGBTQ+people. General health service barriers included professionals' use of pathologising language or a lack of cultural competency and education around LGBTQ+issues.
Research on LGBTQ+ gambling harm remains distinctly limited. Further, population-based surveys as well as in-depth qualitative research are needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of gambling in LGBTQ+communities. Research should be undertaken in collaboration with LGBTQ+peers. A better understanding of gambling could inform a whole systems approach with targeted interventions to protect against gambling harm and to promote greater health equity. Open Science Framework registration number (http://osf.io/jf85y/).
由于赌博对个人及其社区可能产生影响，赌博具有公共卫生重要性。
本综述利用证据来解决：“关于女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者和酷儿+（LGBTQ+）群体中的赌博，我们了解什么？”包括（i）赌博危害的患病率；（ii）赌博危害的实际经历；（iii）干预措施和服务障碍；以及（iv）预防赌博危害的风险和保护因素。
在提取数据之前，由两名评审员根据纳入和排除标准对已识别的同行评审和灰色文献论文进行筛选。通过批判性评估技能计划（CASP）框架和证据权重方法评估纳入资格。
检索了PubMed、科学网、ProQuest、谷歌学术和考科蓝，以查找2000年6月至2023年6月发表的同行评审和灰色文献。
制定了数据提取表，以包括每项研究的特征、方法、样本和主要发现。
纳入了19篇论文，这些论文显示女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋人群中赌博问题的患病率参差不齐。有更一致的证据表明，与顺性别（非跨性别）者相比，跨性别者和性别多样化者经历的赌博问题水平更高。有限的研究关注LGBTQ+群体中赌博危害的实际经历或更广泛的影响。赌博危害的风险因素包括少数群体压力、社会耻辱感、歧视和孤立。预防赌博危害的保护因素包括更高水平的支持、积极的社会互动和与主流社区的联系。未发现针对LGBTQ+人群的赌博干预措施的研究。一般卫生服务障碍包括专业人员使用病态化语言或缺乏围绕LGBTQ+问题的文化能力和教育。
对LGBTQ+群体赌博危害的研究仍然明显有限。此外，需要进行基于人群的调查以及深入的定性研究，以全面了解LGBTQ+群体中的赌博情况。研究应与LGBTQ+群体的同伴合作进行。更好地理解赌博情况可为采用有针对性干预措施的全系统方法提供信息，以预防赌博危害并促进更大的健康公平。开放科学框架注册号（http://osf.io/jf85y/）。
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