Brancati Giulio Emilio, De Rosa Ugo, Magnesa Anna, Cocciaro Irene, Costagli Elena, Iriti Anna, Rimoldi Berenice, Vedovelli Matteo, Medda Pierpaolo, Schiavi Elisa, Perugi Giulio
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Psychiatry Unit 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, Pisa, 56126, Italy.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2025 Sep 17. doi: 10.1007/s00406-025-02114-9.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a commonly observed comorbidity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nevertheless, the impact of autism spectrum traits on clinical presentation and comorbidities in adults with ADHD remains largely underexplored.
105 adults with ADHD were recruited at the outpatient service of the Psychiatry Unit 2 at Pisa University Hospital and subdivided according to screening for ASD based on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Comparative analyses were performed for sociodemographic and clinical variables.
Participants with a positive screening for ASD (N = 23, 21.9%) were more frequently females, had a higher age at first clinical referral, higher comorbidity rates with mood and anxiety disorders, particularly social anxiety, and a lower rate of cannabis use disorder. They showed significantly greater severity of ADHD and emotional dysregulation, worse personality and interpersonal functioning, more depressive, cyclothymic and anxious temperamental dispositions, more pathological personality traits, increased biological rhythm disturbances and evening chronotype.
Autism spectrum traits are commonly reported in adults with ADHD and may be associated with female sex and a complex clinical presentation characterized by affective comorbidity, more severe emotional dysregulation and chronobiological disturbances.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童中常见的共病情况。然而，自闭症谱系特征对成人ADHD临床表现和共病的影响在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。
在比萨大学医院第二精神科门诊招募了105名患有ADHD的成年人，并根据基于自闭症谱系商数（AQ）的ASD筛查结果进行分组。对社会人口统计学和临床变量进行了比较分析。
ASD筛查呈阳性的参与者（N = 23，21.9%）女性更为常见，首次临床转诊时年龄更大，与情绪和焦虑障碍的共病率更高，尤其是社交焦虑，大麻使用障碍率更低。他们表现出明显更严重的ADHD和情绪调节障碍，更差的人格和人际功能，更多的抑郁、环性心境和焦虑气质倾向，更多的病理性人格特质，生物节律紊乱增加以及晚睡型昼夜节律类型。
在患有ADHD的成年人中，自闭症谱系特征普遍存在，可能与女性性别以及以情感共病、更严重的情绪调节障碍和生物钟紊乱为特征的复杂临床表现有关。
