Miller Michelle, Carnell Susan, Seymour Karen E, Rosch Keri S
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2025 Sep 17. doi: 10.1007/s10802-025-01367-1.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity are both independently associated with emotion dysregulation, including low frustration tolerance. There is a lack of research examining shared and unique aspects of emotion dysregulation in relation to ADHD and obesity separately and when they co-occur. This study examined emotion dysregulation as assessed with questionnaires and tasks involving frustrative non-reward in children with and without ADHD with varying body mass index (BMI). Participants included 163 8-17 year-olds with varying levels of ADHD symptoms and BMI. Emotion regulation was assessed through parent- and youth-report questionnaires of trait-based emotion regulation, lability/negativity, and irritability. In addition, youth-report state-based measures of frustration were obtained pre- and post-frustrative non-reward tasks assessing cognitive control and task persistence. On trait measures, higher ADHD symptoms were associated with less emotion regulation and more irritability and lability/negativity, regardless of BMI. On state measures, ADHD symptoms tended to be positively associated with increased frustration and less persistence during a frustrating task, but these effects were not significant. Our results suggest that emotion dysregulation, as assessed in this study, may be largely specific to ADHD. Larger studies including children with stringent ADHD diagnostic classification and objective measures of body fat and eating behavior are warranted to advance our understanding of the role of emotion dysregulation in pediatric ADHD and overweight/obesity.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和肥胖都与情绪调节障碍独立相关，包括低挫折容忍度。目前缺乏分别研究ADHD与肥胖以及二者同时出现时情绪调节障碍的共同和独特方面的研究。本研究使用问卷和涉及无奖励挫折任务，对不同体重指数（BMI）的患ADHD和未患ADHD的儿童进行评估，以检验情绪调节障碍情况。参与者包括163名8至17岁、ADHD症状水平和BMI各不相同的儿童。情绪调节通过基于特质的情绪调节、情绪易变性/消极性以及易怒性的家长和青少年报告问卷进行评估。此外，在无奖励挫折任务前后，获取青少年报告的基于状态的挫折测量指标，以评估认知控制和任务坚持性。在特质测量方面，无论BMI如何，较高的ADHD症状都与较少的情绪调节以及更多的易怒性和情绪易变性/消极性相关。在状态测量方面，ADHD症状在令人沮丧的任务中往往与挫折感增加和坚持性降低呈正相关，但这些影响并不显著。我们的研究结果表明，本研究中评估的情绪调节障碍可能在很大程度上是ADHD特有的。需要开展更大规模的研究，纳入严格ADHD诊断分类的儿童以及身体脂肪和饮食行为的客观测量指标，以加深我们对情绪调节障碍在儿童ADHD和超重/肥胖中作用的理解。
