Clifford Namuun, Chinzorig Tselmuun
Mongolian American Health Institute, Washington, District of Columbia (D.C.), 20036, USA.
The University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Sep 17. doi: 10.1007/s40615-025-02631-2.
The Mongolian American population has grown more than eightfold over the past two decades, from 6000 in 2000 to an estimated 50,000 in 2023. Despite this rapid growth, Mongolians remain one of the most understudied Asian American subgroups. Emerging data suggest disproportionately high rates of chronic viral hepatitis and liver cancer in this population, alongside significant barriers to healthcare access, including high uninsured rates, financial hardship, and language and cultural challenges.
This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize peer-reviewed and gray literature to identify health disparities and knowledge gaps affecting the Mongolian American community.
Following Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review methodology, we searched five databases with keywords "Mongolian," "United States," and "Health" on January 27, 2025. Inclusion criteria were studies on Mongolians in the USA published between 1990 and 2025. Two independent reviewers screened articles using Covidence. Quality was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers, and narrative synthesis was conducted to identify common themes and patterns across studies.
Out of 350 articles identified, three met eligibility criteria. An additional two were identified through reference searches, resulting in a total of five included articles. Three cross-sectional studies analyzed community screening data for hepatitis B and C virus among Mongolians in California and Washington, D.C., and reported 6.2-9.9% HBV and 9.1-9.9% anti-HCV positivity rates. One report found Mongolian Americans in California had the highest poverty rate (24%), lowest homeownership (14%), and low English proficiency (50%) among all other Asian subgroups. A qualitative study of 12 Mongolian women highlighted barriers to culturally and linguistically appropriate perinatal care.
Despite significant health and social needs, research on Mongolian Americans is scarce. Findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to address high rates of chronic viral hepatitis and improved data collection and disaggregation of this population.
在过去二十年里，美籍蒙古人数量增长了八倍多，从2000年的6000人增至2023年的约50000人。尽管增长迅速，但蒙古人仍是研究最少的亚裔美国人亚群体之一。新出现的数据表明，该群体中慢性病毒性肝炎和肝癌的发病率异常高，同时在获得医疗保健方面存在重大障碍，包括高无保险率、经济困难以及语言和文化挑战。
本系统文献综述旨在综合同行评审文献和灰色文献，以确定影响美籍蒙古人社群的健康差异和知识差距。
按照惠特莫尔和克纳夫的综合综述方法，我们于2025年1月27日在五个数据库中用关键词“蒙古人”“美国”和“健康”进行搜索。纳入标准是1990年至2025年期间发表的关于美国蒙古人的研究。两名独立评审员使用Covidence筛选文章。使用评估初级研究论文的标准质量评估标准评估质量，并进行叙述性综合分析以确定各项研究中的共同主题和模式。
在识别出的350篇文章中，有3篇符合入选标准。通过参考文献检索又识别出另外2篇，最终共有5篇文章被纳入。三项横断面研究分析了加利福尼亚州和华盛顿特区蒙古人中乙型和丙型肝炎病毒的社区筛查数据，报告的乙肝病毒阳性率为6.2 - 9.9%，丙肝抗体阳性率为9.1 - 9.9%。一份报告发现，加利福尼亚州的美籍蒙古人在所有其他亚裔亚群体中贫困率最高（24%），住房拥有率最低（14%），英语水平低的比例为50%。一项对12名蒙古女性的定性研究强调了在文化和语言上适宜的围产期护理方面存在的障碍。
尽管存在重大的健康和社会需求，但对美籍蒙古人的研究却很匮乏。研究结果强调迫切需要有针对性的公共卫生干预措施，以应对慢性病毒性肝炎的高发病率，并改进对该人群的数据收集和分类。
