Dallavecchia D L, Lima E Silva A A de, Debelian A C M, Aguiar V M, Silva Filho R G
Laboratório de Estudos de Dípteros, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2025 Sep 12;58:e14851. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X2025e14851. eCollection 2025.
The therapeutic benefits obtained from the presence of larvae of certain flies in infected wounds have been mentioned since ancient times. Currently, the so-called maggot therapy or biosurgery is considered a simple, safe, relatively low-cost, and highly effective alternative for treating a wide variety of infected, necrotic, and difficult-to-heal wounds, including those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In addition to the debridement of necrotic wound tissue promoted by larvae, especially from the green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata; Diptera: Calliphoridae), there is much evidence that their native excretions and secretions (NES) contain components with varied antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and activity against fungi. Furthermore, studies have shown the antibiofilm effect of NES. Biofilms represent an additional problem for wound healing because they prevent the action of antibiotics on the pathogens infecting the wound. The antimicrobial effects of crude NES or its molecular components described in studies sometimes present contrasting results when compared. This is probably due to the laboratory methodological aspects used, which range from the preparation of larvae and extraction of NES to the tests used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. This review aimed to bring together a diversity of laboratory procedures and results that have been described for the antimicrobial potency of NES. Moreover, it aimed to contribute to a greater standardization of the methodologies adopted in new studies to generate more consensual and comparable results.
自古以来，人们就提到过某些蝇类幼虫存在于感染伤口中所带来的治疗益处。目前，所谓的蛆虫疗法或生物外科手术被认为是一种简单、安全、成本相对较低且高效的替代方法，可用于治疗多种感染性、坏死性和难愈合伤口，包括由多重耐药细菌引起的伤口。除了幼虫促进坏死伤口组织的清创作用外，特别是绿头苍蝇（丝光绿蝇；双翅目：丽蝇科）的幼虫，有大量证据表明其天然排泄物和分泌物（NES）含有对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有多种抗菌活性以及对真菌有活性的成分。此外，研究还表明了NES的抗生物膜作用。生物膜是伤口愈合的另一个问题，因为它们会阻止抗生素对感染伤口的病原体起作用。研究中描述的粗制NES或其分子成分的抗菌效果在比较时有时会呈现出相互矛盾的结果。这可能是由于所采用的实验室方法学方面的原因，从幼虫的制备和NES的提取到用于评估其抗菌活性的测试都存在差异。本综述旨在汇集已描述的关于NES抗菌效力的各种实验室程序和结果。此外，它旨在促进新研究中所采用方法的更大标准化，以产生更具共识性和可比性的结果。
