Necker Fabian N, Cholok David J, Fischer Marc J, Gifford Kyle, Le Castillo Chris, Scholz Michael, Januszyk Michael, Leuze Christoph W, Daniel Bruce L, Momeni Arash
Digital Anatomy Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Radiology, Stanford IMMERS (Incubator for Medical Mixed and Extended Reality at Stanford), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Int J Med Robot. 2025 Oct;21(5):e70108. doi: 10.1002/rcs.70108.
We present a novel method for accurately measuring skin-surface distances using standard smartphone photos and Photoshop, validated on 3D-printed DIEP-flap models and on calibration grid-patterns.
Distance measurements are acquired in Photoshop in a calibration plane between dots on a grid-pattern as well as between perforators on photos of 3D-printed models and compared against ground-truth. Margins of errors are calculated from fitted linear models.
Submillimeter accuracy can be achieved within errors of ±0.45 mm (80% probability) and ±0.8 mm (95% probability) for measuring distances on the dot-grid. On the 3D-printed DIEP-models, distance measurements are accurate within ±1.75 mm (80% probability) and ±3.1 mm (95% probability).
We introduce a simple yet highly accurate technique to measure skin-surface distances using normal photos. Depending on the scenario, submillimeter or conservatively very low millimetre errors can be achieved, sufficiently accurate for clinical use, whilst maintaining topographic relationships of the measurements.
我们提出了一种使用标准智能手机照片和Photoshop精确测量皮肤表面距离的新方法，该方法已在3D打印的腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣（DIEP）模型和校准网格图案上得到验证。
在Photoshop中，在校准平面上获取网格图案上各点之间以及3D打印模型照片上各穿支之间的距离测量值，并与实际值进行比较。误差范围由拟合线性模型计算得出。
在点网格上测量距离时，可实现亚毫米级精度，误差在±0.45毫米（概率80%）和±0.8毫米（概率95%）以内。在3D打印的DIEP模型上，距离测量的误差在±1.75毫米（概率80%）和±3.1毫米（概率95%）以内。
我们介绍了一种使用普通照片测量皮肤表面距离的简单但高度准确的技术。根据具体情况，可实现亚毫米级误差或保守地达到非常低的毫米级误差，对于临床应用来说足够准确，同时保持测量的地形关系。
