Beurton D, Guerin D, Cukier J
Ann Urol (Paris). 1985;19(6):423-5.
Renal cell carcinoma with a thrombus limited to the trunk of the renal vein is quite different from renal cell carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava. In the first case, the operative mortality is low, and the five year survival rate is about 53%. In the second case, surgery is difficult and the mortality is high; the gravity is directly related to the level of tumour thrombus involvement in the inferior vena cava; the proportion of cases with metastatic dissemination at the time of surgery is higher; the two year survival rate is 38.5% only. However, the long term survival rate of patients without metastasis and alive after surgical management, is equal in the two groups, about 60%. The prognosis of surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma with massive extension high in the inferior vena cava would be improved by the optimal patient selection (patients without metastasis) and by the use of cardio-vascular surgical procedures (CEC).
肾静脉主干内有血栓形成的肾细胞癌与癌栓延伸至下腔静脉的肾细胞癌截然不同。在第一种情况下，手术死亡率低，五年生存率约为53%。在第二种情况下，手术困难且死亡率高；其严重程度与肿瘤栓子在下腔静脉中的累及水平直接相关；手术时发生转移播散的病例比例更高；两年生存率仅为38.5%。然而，两组中无转移且手术治疗后存活的患者长期生存率相当，约为60%。通过优化患者选择（无转移患者）以及采用心血管外科手术（CEC），可改善下腔静脉高位广泛延伸的肾细胞癌的手术治疗预后。
