Buschmann Eva, Van Steenkiste Glenn, Vernemmen Ingrid, Demeyere Marie, Schauvliege Stijn, Decloedt Annelies, van Loon Gunther
Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
J Vet Intern Med. 2025 Sep-Oct;39(5):e70218. doi: 10.1111/jvim.70218.
Detailed characterization of arrhythmias can be performed by multiple catheter mapping; but this has not yet been explored in horses.
Perform ultrasound-guided multiple catheter mapping of the right heart during sinus rhythm and right and left atrial pacing to identify activation patterns characteristic of the origin of ectopy. Obtain His signals and effective refractory periods (ERP).
Eight healthy adult horses.
Experimental study. Recording catheters were placed at the terminal crest, intervenous tubercle, caudal vena cava, and coronary sinus. Right atrial pacing was performed in standing, sedated horses from each catheter and from the cranial vena cava, right atrial appendage, and right atrial free wall. Left atrial pacing was performed during general anesthesia at the four pulmonary vein ostia, left atrial appendage, and interatrial septum. Atrial activation patterns were recorded from the catheters during sinus rhythm and during pacing at the different sites. During sinus rhythm, the His bundle was recorded, and ERP at different sites was determined.
Characteristic activation maps during sinus rhythm and pacing were identified. Late coronary sinus activation indicated ectopy originating from the right atrium or ostium III. The direction of coronary sinus electrode activation aided in differentiating left atrial ectopy locations. His signals were recorded in 5/8 horses. Atrial ERP varied between 170 and 420 ms with inter-horse and intra-horse variation.
Performing an electrophysiological study in horses, including multiple catheter recording, was feasible. Pacing-induced ectopy resulted in characteristic activation patterns, which might aid in identifying the site of atrial ectopy.
心律失常的详细特征可通过多导管标测来确定；但在马匹中尚未进行过此类研究。
在窦性心律以及右心房和左心房起搏期间，进行超声引导下的右心多导管标测，以识别异位起源的特征性激动模式。获取希氏束信号和有效不应期（ERP）。
八匹健康成年马。
实验研究。记录导管放置在终嵴、静脉间结节、尾腔静脉和冠状窦。对站立、镇静的马匹从每个导管以及从颅腔静脉、右心耳和右心房游离壁进行右心房起搏。在全身麻醉期间，在四个肺静脉口、左心耳和房间隔进行左心房起搏。在窦性心律和不同部位起搏期间，从导管记录心房激动模式。在窦性心律期间，记录希氏束，并测定不同部位的ERP。
确定了窦性心律和起搏期间的特征性激动图。冠状窦晚期激动表明异位起源于右心房或III型开口。冠状窦电极激动方向有助于区分左心房异位部位。在8匹马中有5匹记录到了希氏束信号。心房ERP在170至420毫秒之间变化，存在马匹间和马匹内的差异。
在马匹中进行包括多导管记录在内的电生理研究是可行的。起搏诱发的异位导致特征性激动模式，这可能有助于识别心房异位的部位。
