d'Onofrio Florindo, Cropano Maria, Panzino Giada, Gaita Mariachiara, Cicarelli Giulio, Barbanti Piero, Casucci Gerardo, Raimo Simona, Costanzo Antonio
Stroke Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati, Hospital Avellino, Avellino, Italy.
UOSD Second Neurology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.
J Sleep Res. 2025 Sep 19:e70202. doi: 10.1111/jsr.70202.
Restless legs syndrome is a sensorimotor disorder of sleep/wake regulation that frequently coexists with migraine, affecting patients' quality of life. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in individuals with migraine and to explore the associated clinical, demographic and behavioural aspects. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature was conducted. Articles were included if they provided data on individuals with migraine, with or without restless legs syndrome and these proportions were used to estimate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in migraine. A total of 30 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of restless legs syndrome among individuals with migraine was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17%-23%). The pooled prevalence of restless legs syndrome was affected by migraine duration (higher prevalence with longer duration), disability (higher prevalence with greater migraine-related disability) and age (higher prevalence in older individuals). A significant association was found between restless legs syndrome, migraine with aura and chronic migraine. No significant sex-related differences were observed. Among behavioural factors, depression, pain and poor sleep quality were significantly associated with restless legs syndrome. These findings suggest that restless legs syndrome is a common comorbidity in migraine with aura and chronic migraine, with a higher prevalence than that reported in the general population. Moreover, specific demographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics may help identify individuals at higher risk. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
不宁腿综合征是一种睡眠/觉醒调节的感觉运动障碍，常与偏头痛共存，影响患者的生活质量。本研究旨在评估偏头痛患者中不宁腿综合征的患病率，并探讨相关的临床、人口统计学和行为学方面。对现有文献进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。如果文章提供了偏头痛患者（无论有无不宁腿综合征）的数据，且这些比例用于估计偏头痛患者中不宁腿综合征的患病率，则纳入这些文章。荟萃分析共纳入30项研究。偏头痛患者中不宁腿综合征的总体合并患病率为20%（95%置信区间[CI]=17%-23%）。不宁腿综合征的合并患病率受偏头痛持续时间（持续时间越长患病率越高）、残疾程度（偏头痛相关残疾越严重患病率越高）和年龄（年龄较大者患病率较高）的影响。不宁腿综合征、伴有先兆偏头痛和慢性偏头痛之间存在显著关联。未观察到显著的性别差异。在行为因素中，抑郁、疼痛和睡眠质量差与不宁腿综合征显著相关。这些发现表明，不宁腿综合征是伴有先兆偏头痛和慢性偏头痛的常见合并症，其患病率高于一般人群报道的患病率。此外，特定的人口统计学、临床和行为特征可能有助于识别高危个体。需要进一步研究以阐明潜在的病理生理机制并确定潜在的治疗靶点。
