Perinelli Diego Romano, Coletta Martina, Sabbatini Beatrice, D'Alessandro Aldo, Fabiani Fabio, Passacantando Andrea, Bonacucina Giulia, La Terza Antonietta
School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 5;25(11):3567. doi: 10.3390/s25113567.
The wine industry faces increasing challenges related to authenticity, safety, and sustainability due to recurrent fraud, shifting consumer preferences, and environmental concerns. In this study, as part of the B.I.O.C.E.R.T.O project, we integrated blockchain technology with ultrasonic spectroscopy and soil quality data by using the arthropod-based Soil Biological Quality Index (QBS-ar) to enhance traceability, ensure wine quality, and certify sustainable vineyard practices. Four representative wines from the Marche region (Sangiovese, Maceratino, and two Verdicchio PDO varieties) were analyzed across two vintages (2021 and 2022). Ultrasound spectroscopy demonstrated high sensitivity in distinguishing wines based on ethanol and sugar content, comparably to conventional viscosity-based methods. The QBS-ar index was applied to investigate the soil biodiversity status according to the agricultural management practices applied in each vineyard, reinforcing consumer confidence in environmentally responsible viticulture. By recording these data on a public blockchain, we developed a secure, transparent, and immutable certification system to verify the geographical origin of wines along with their unique characteristics. This is the first study to integrate advanced analytical techniques with blockchain technology for wine traceability, simultaneously addressing counterfeiting, consumer demand for transparency, and biodiversity preservation. Our findings support the applicability of this model to other agri-food sectors, with potential for expansion through additional analytical techniques, such as isotopic analysis and further agroecosystem sustainability indicators.
由于欺诈行为屡禁不止、消费者偏好不断变化以及环境问题，葡萄酒行业在真实性、安全性和可持续性方面面临着越来越多的挑战。在本研究中，作为B.I.O.C.E.R.T.O项目的一部分，我们将区块链技术与超声波光谱技术以及土壤质量数据相结合，通过基于节肢动物的土壤生物质量指数（QBS-ar）来提高可追溯性、确保葡萄酒质量并认证可持续的葡萄园管理实践。对马尔凯地区的四种代表性葡萄酒（桑娇维塞、马切拉蒂诺以及两种法定产区维蒂奇诺品种）进行了两个年份（2021年和2022年）的分析。超声波光谱技术在基于乙醇和糖分含量区分葡萄酒方面表现出高灵敏度，与传统的基于粘度的方法相当。QBS-ar指数被用于根据每个葡萄园所采用的农业管理实践来调查土壤生物多样性状况，增强消费者对环境友好型葡萄种植的信心。通过将这些数据记录在公共区块链上，我们开发了一个安全、透明且不可篡改的认证系统，以验证葡萄酒的地理来源及其独特特征。这是第一项将先进分析技术与区块链技术相结合用于葡萄酒可追溯性的研究，同时解决了假冒问题、消费者对透明度的需求以及生物多样性保护问题。我们的研究结果支持该模型在其他农业食品领域的适用性，并有可能通过额外的分析技术（如同位素分析和更多农业生态系统可持续性指标）进行扩展。
