Schneider Stefan, Hernandez Raymond, Junghaenel Doerte U, Orriens Bart, Lee Pey-Jiuan, Stone Arthur A
Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089-3332, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Curr Psychol. 2024 Feb;43(7):5868-5886. doi: 10.1007/s12144-023-04773-0. Epub 2023 May 27.
Mental processes underlying people's responses to Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) have rarely been studied. In cognitive psychology, one of the most popular and successful mental process models is the . It decomposes response time (RT) data to distinguish how information is accessed and processed ("drift rate"), and how information is accessed and processed ("boundary separation"). We examined whether the drift diffusion model could be successfully applied to people's RTs for EMA questions and could shed light on between- and within-person variation in the mental process components underlying momentary reports. We analyzed EMA data (up to 6 momentary surveys/day for one week) from 954 participants in the Understanding America Study (29,067 completed measurement occasions). An item-response-theory diffusion model was applied to RTs associated with 5 momentary negative affect ratings. As hypothesized, both diffusion model parameters showed moderate stability across EMA measurement occasions. Drift rate and boundary separation together explained a majority of the variance in the observed RTs and demonstrated correspondence across different sets of EMA items, both within and between individuals. The parameters related in theoretically expected ways to within-person changes in activities (momentary work and recreation) and person-level characteristics (neuroticism and depression). Drift rate increased and boundary separation decreased over the study, suggesting that practice effects in EMA consist of multiple distinctive cognitive processes. The results support the reliability and validity of the diffusion model parameters derived from EMA and provide initial evidence that the model may enhance understanding of process underlying EMA affect ratings.
人们对生态瞬时评估（EMA）的反应背后的心理过程鲜有研究。在认知心理学中，最流行且成功的心理过程模型之一是[具体模型名称未给出]。它对反应时间（RT）数据进行分解，以区分信息是如何被获取和处理的（“漂移率”），以及信息是如何被获取和处理的（“边界分离”）。我们研究了漂移扩散模型是否能成功应用于人们对EMA问题的反应时间，并能否揭示瞬时报告背后心理过程成分的个体间和个体内差异。我们分析了来自“理解美国研究”中954名参与者的EMA数据（一周内每天最多6次瞬时调查，共29,067个完成的测量场合）。将项目反应理论扩散模型应用于与5个瞬时负面情绪评分相关的反应时间。正如所假设的，两个扩散模型参数在EMA测量场合中都显示出适度的稳定性。漂移率和边界分离共同解释了观察到的反应时间中大部分的方差，并在不同组的EMA项目中（个体内和个体间）表现出一致性。这些参数在理论预期的方式上与个体内活动（瞬时工作和娱乐）和个体水平特征（神经质和抑郁）的变化相关。在研究过程中，漂移率增加而边界分离减少，这表明EMA中的练习效应由多个独特的认知过程组成。结果支持了从EMA得出的扩散模型参数的可靠性和有效性，并提供了初步证据表明该模型可能增强对EMA情绪评分背后过程的理解。
